Ofer Amram1, Eugenia Socías2, Ekaterina Nosova3, Thomas Kerr2, Evan Wood2, Kora DeBeck4, Kanna Hayashi4, Nadia Fairbairn4, Julio Montaner4, M J Milloy5. 1. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, BC Centre on Substance Use, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, United States. 2. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, BC Centre on Substance Use, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. 3. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. 4. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Medicine, BC Centre on Substance Use, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. 5. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Medicine, BC Centre on Substance Use, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Electronic address: bccsu-mjsm@cfenet.ubc.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In recent years, North America has witnessed a spike in the number of overdoses (OD) and OD-related deaths. The aim of this study was to assess spatial correlates of OD risk in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Data utilized for this study was from three open and ongoing prospective cohorts of people who use drugs (PWUDs) in Vancouver, Canada. Logistic regression analyses with generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) was used to examine correlates of residing in areas characterized by high OD rates. Mapping was used to examine areas showing OD clusters. RESULTS: We included 1336 PWUDs who resided in the downtown area. In multivariable analysis, higher availability of methadone clinics within walking distance, daily cocaine injectors and daily crack users had independent decreased odds of living within an OD cluster. CONCLUSION: This study found that higher availability of methadone clinics was associated with decreased odds of living within OD clusters.
OBJECTIVES: In recent years, North America has witnessed a spike in the number of overdoses (OD) and OD-related deaths. The aim of this study was to assess spatial correlates of OD risk in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Data utilized for this study was from three open and ongoing prospective cohorts of people who use drugs (PWUDs) in Vancouver, Canada. Logistic regression analyses with generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) was used to examine correlates of residing in areas characterized by high OD rates. Mapping was used to examine areas showing OD clusters. RESULTS: We included 1336 PWUDs who resided in the downtown area. In multivariable analysis, higher availability of methadone clinics within walking distance, daily cocaine injectors and daily crack users had independent decreased odds of living within an OD cluster. CONCLUSION: This study found that higher availability of methadone clinics was associated with decreased odds of living within OD clusters.
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