Gijs van Ingen1,2, Carlijn M P le Clercq3,4, Carolina E Touw3, Liebeth Duijts4,5, Henriette A Moll4,5, Vincent W V Jaddoe4,5,6, Hein Raat4,7, Robert J Baatenburg de Jong3, Marc P van der Schroeff3,4. 1. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. g.vaningen@erasmusmc.nl. 2. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. g.vaningen@erasmusmc.nl. 3. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 4. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 7. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric disease and frequent reason for antibiotic treatment. We aimed to identify environmental and host factors associated with AOM and assess which determinants were associated with AOM at specific ages. METHODS: This study among 7863 children was embedded in the Generation R Study: a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. Data on outcome and possible determinants were collected using questionnaires until 6 years. We used generalized estimating equation models to examine associations with AOM with longitudinal odds at different ages, considering correlations between repeated measurements. RESULTS: Male gender increased odds of AOM in children at 2, 3, and 4 years but not at other ages. Postnatal household smoking, presence of siblings, and pet birds increased odds of AOM. Breastfeeding decreased AOM odds, most notably in the first 2 months of life. No association was found for season of birth, maternal age, ethnicity, aberrant birth weight for gestational age, prenatal smoking, furry pets, and daycare attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of childhood AOM varies with age. Significant association with AOM was found for gender and breastfeeding at specific ages and for household smoking, presence of siblings, and pet birds at all the studied ages.
BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric disease and frequent reason for antibiotic treatment. We aimed to identify environmental and host factors associated with AOM and assess which determinants were associated with AOM at specific ages. METHODS: This study among 7863 children was embedded in the Generation R Study: a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. Data on outcome and possible determinants were collected using questionnaires until 6 years. We used generalized estimating equation models to examine associations with AOM with longitudinal odds at different ages, considering correlations between repeated measurements. RESULTS: Male gender increased odds of AOM in children at 2, 3, and 4 years but not at other ages. Postnatal household smoking, presence of siblings, and pet birds increased odds of AOM. Breastfeeding decreased AOM odds, most notably in the first 2 months of life. No association was found for season of birth, maternal age, ethnicity, aberrant birth weight for gestational age, prenatal smoking, furry pets, and daycare attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of childhood AOM varies with age. Significant association with AOM was found for gender and breastfeeding at specific ages and for household smoking, presence of siblings, and pet birds at all the studied ages.
Authors: David Z Allen; Sai Challapalli; Sean McKee; Kyung Hyun Lee; Cynthia S Bell; Soham Roy; Sarah Bowe; Karthik Balakrishnan; C W David Chang; Zhen Huang Journal: Am J Otolaryngol Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 1.808