Ada Borkenhagen1, Ursula Mirastschijski2, Katja Petrowski3, Elmar Brähler3,4. 1. Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland. Dr.Borkenhagen@web.de. 2. Center für Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland. 3. Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland. 4. Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie Department für Psychische Gesundheit, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tattooing has become very popular in recent years. In this context, socio-demographic information and health orientation is important. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the prevalence of tattoos over the last thirteen years and the social and economic background of people with tattoos. Three national representative surveys were compared for this purpose; men and women residing in Germany were included. Additionally, the purpose of the study was to assess socio-demographic information and the health orientation of respondents with tattoos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three national, representative surveys were conducted on German participants (2016: n = 2510, 2009: n = 2512, 2003: n = 2043). The number of tattoos and socio-demographic information were investigated. The Health Regulatory Focus Scale (HRFS) assessing the individual's health orientation was used in 2016. RESULTS: Currently, one out of five Germans (≥14 years) has at least one tattoo. In Germany, tattoos are most prevalent among younger adults of both sexes aged 25 to 34 years. People with all levels of education have tattoos, although there were weak correlations with a lower education level and unemployment. Only men with several tattoos showed a significantly lower health orientation than non-tattooed ones. CONCLUSION: The fact that nearly one fifth of the German population has tattoos suggests that this permanent body art is becoming more and more accepted in German society. As a result, a need for better health risk information on the topic for both tattooists and the people getting tattoos appears evident because of the high prevalence of tattoos in younger generations as well as the lower health orientation in men with several tattoos.
BACKGROUND: Tattooing has become very popular in recent years. In this context, socio-demographic information and health orientation is important. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the prevalence of tattoos over the last thirteen years and the social and economic background of people with tattoos. Three national representative surveys were compared for this purpose; men and women residing in Germany were included. Additionally, the purpose of the study was to assess socio-demographic information and the health orientation of respondents with tattoos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three national, representative surveys were conducted on German participants (2016: n = 2510, 2009: n = 2512, 2003: n = 2043). The number of tattoos and socio-demographic information were investigated. The Health Regulatory Focus Scale (HRFS) assessing the individual's health orientation was used in 2016. RESULTS: Currently, one out of five Germans (≥14 years) has at least one tattoo. In Germany, tattoos are most prevalent among younger adults of both sexes aged 25 to 34 years. People with all levels of education have tattoos, although there were weak correlations with a lower education level and unemployment. Only men with several tattoos showed a significantly lower health orientation than non-tattooed ones. CONCLUSION: The fact that nearly one fifth of the German population has tattoos suggests that this permanent body art is becoming more and more accepted in German society. As a result, a need for better health risk information on the topic for both tattooists and the people getting tattoos appears evident because of the high prevalence of tattoos in younger generations as well as the lower health orientation in men with several tattoos.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bodymodification; Health Regulation Focus Scale; Representative Survey; Risk information
Authors: Henrik Hering; Christian Zoschke; Markus Kühn; Ashish K Gadicherla; Günther Weindl; Andreas Luch; Ines Schreiver Journal: Arch Toxicol Date: 2020-07-13 Impact factor: 5.153