Haojie Huang1, Agnieszka Katarzyna Swidnicka-Siergiejko2, Jaroslaw Daniluk2, Sebastian Gaiser3, Yao Yao4, Lisi Peng4, Yang Zhang1, Yan Liu3, Minyu Dong5, Xianbao Zhan6, Huamin Wang7, Yan Bi8, Zhaoshen Li4, Baoan Ji9, Craig D Logsdon10. 1. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. 3. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. 4. Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. 6. Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 7. Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. 8. Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. 9. Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Electronic address: ji.baoan@mayo.edu. 10. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: clogsdon@mdanderson.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mutations in the trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) cause human hereditary pancreatitis. However, it is not clear how mutant forms of PRSS1 contribute to disease development. We studied the effects of expressing mutant forms of human PRSS1 in mice. METHODS: We expressed forms of PRSS1 with and without the mutation encoding R122H (PRSS1R122H) specifically in pancreatic acinar cells under control of a full-length pancreatic elastase gene promoter. Mice that did not express these transgenes were used as controls. Mice were given injections of caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis or injections of lipopolysaccharide to induce chronic pancreatitis. Other groups of mice were fed ethanol or placed on a high-fat diet to induce pancreatitis. Pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunoblots, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Trypsin enzymatic activity and chymotrypsin enzymatic activity were measured in pancreatic homogenates. Blood was collected and serum amylase activity was measured. RESULTS: Pancreata from mice expressing transgenes encoding PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had focal areas of inflammation; these lesions were more prominent in mice that express PRSS1R122H. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had increased levels of heat shock protein 70 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, and reduced levels of chymotrypsin C compared with control mice. Increased expression of PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H increased focal damage in pancreatic tissues and increased the severity of acute pancreatitis after caerulein injection. Administration of lipopolysaccharide exacerbated inflammation in mice that express PRSS1R122H compared to mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Mice that express PRSS1R122H developed more severe pancreatitis after ethanol feeding or a high-fat diet than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1R122H had more DNA damage, apoptosis, and collagen deposition and increased trypsin activity and infiltration by inflammatory cells than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of a transgene encoding PRSS1R122H in mice promoted inflammation and increased the severity of pancreatitis compared with mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. These mice might be used as a model for human hereditary pancreatitis and can be studied to determine mechanisms of induction of pancreatitis by lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, or a high-fat diet.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mutations in the trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) cause humanhereditary pancreatitis. However, it is not clear how mutant forms of PRSS1 contribute to disease development. We studied the effects of expressing mutant forms of humanPRSS1 in mice. METHODS: We expressed forms of PRSS1 with and without the mutation encoding R122H (PRSS1R122H) specifically in pancreatic acinar cells under control of a full-length pancreatic elastase gene promoter. Mice that did not express these transgenes were used as controls. Mice were given injections of caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis or injections of lipopolysaccharide to induce chronic pancreatitis. Other groups of mice were fed ethanol or placed on a high-fat diet to induce pancreatitis. Pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunoblots, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Trypsin enzymatic activity and chymotrypsin enzymatic activity were measured in pancreatic homogenates. Blood was collected and serum amylase activity was measured. RESULTS: Pancreata from mice expressing transgenes encoding PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had focal areas of inflammation; these lesions were more prominent in mice that express PRSS1R122H. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had increased levels of heat shock protein 70 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, and reduced levels of chymotrypsin C compared with control mice. Increased expression of PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H increased focal damage in pancreatic tissues and increased the severity of acute pancreatitis after caerulein injection. Administration of lipopolysaccharide exacerbated inflammation in mice that express PRSS1R122H compared to mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Mice that express PRSS1R122H developed more severe pancreatitis after ethanol feeding or a high-fat diet than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1R122H had more DNA damage, apoptosis, and collagen deposition and increased trypsin activity and infiltration by inflammatory cells than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of a transgene encoding PRSS1R122H in mice promoted inflammation and increased the severity of pancreatitis compared with mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. These mice might be used as a model for humanhereditary pancreatitis and can be studied to determine mechanisms of induction of pancreatitis by lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, or a high-fat diet.
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