Literature DB >> 31417774

Two isomers of [1-benzyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-κN 3]di-chlorido-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-κS)ruthenium(II).

Fatemeh Khamespanah1, Andrew W Maverick1.   

Abstract

The structures of two isomers of the title compound, [RuCl2(C14H12N4)(C2H6OS)2], 2 and 3, are reported. Isomers 2 and 3 are produced by reaction of the pyridyl-triazole ligand 1-benzyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (bpt) (1) with fac-[RuCl2(DMSO-S)3(DMSO-O)]. Reaction in acetone produces ca 95% 2, which is the OC-6-14 isomer, with cis DMSO and trans chlorido ligands, and 5% 3 (the OC-6-32 isomer, with cis DMSO and cis chlorido ligands, and the pyridyl moiety of bpt trans to DMSO). Reaction in refluxing toluene initially forms 2, which slowly isomerizes to 3.

Entities:  

Keywords:  crystal structure; pyridyl­triazole; ruthenium(II) complex

Year:  2019        PMID: 31417774      PMCID: PMC6690446          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Many 1,2,3-triazole-based ligands have been prepared by copper(I) catalysis of reaction of alkynes with azides; see, for example, Crowley et al. (2010 ▸). Continuing our research concerning multifunctional chelating ligands in the construction of supra­molecular metal–organic frameworks, we used bis­(pyridyl­triazole) ligands to make macrocyclic CuII dimers that have found application in hosting small mol­ecules such as DABCO and oxalate (Pokharel et al., 2013 ▸, 2014 ▸). As an extension of this work, we were also inter­ested in RuII pyridyl­triazole complexes. RuIIpolypyridine coordination compounds have been employed in dye-sensitized solar cells, optical sensors, and photoredox catalysts (Grätzel, 2009 ▸; Orellana & García-Fresnadillo, 2004 ▸; Prier et al., 2013 ▸). In contrast, only a small number of RuII–pyridyl­triazole complexes have been examined to ascertain whether incorporation of triazole could result in improvements compared to the polypyridine complexes. Triazole is a stronger π acceptor analog of pyridine, because of its three electronegative nitro­gen atoms, leading to Ru complexes with different photophysical and electrochemical properties (Schulze et al., 2009 ▸; Felici et al., 2009 ▸; Elliott et al., 2016 ▸). Kumar et al. (2016 ▸) used benzyl­pyridytriazole (bpt, 1) to synthesize the homoleptic RuII complex Ru(bpt)3 2+. Our intention was to make an RuII complex with one or two pyridyl­triazoles per metal atom along with weakly ligated coordination sites to facilitate other types of chemistry. In this paper, we report the synthesis of two isomers of Ru(bpt)(DMSO)2Cl2, 2 and 3 (see Fig. 1 ▸). Compound 2 is the kinetic product of the reaction, and it slowly isomerizes to the thermodynamically more stable 3.
Figure 1

X-ray structures of 2 and 3. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level, and hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity.

Structural commentary

Complexation of RuCl2(DMSO)4 and bpt in refluxing acetone gave compound 2 in good yield. Although enough bpt was present in the mixture to replace all DMSO mol­ecules, the product contains only one mol­ecule of bpt per Ru atom. The RuII cation in 2 adopts a distorted octa­hedral geometry and beside one bpt, two S-bonded DMSO mol­ecules occupy equatorial positions, and chlorides are coordinated in axial positions. This is the OC-6-14 isomer, according to Chemical Abstracts stereochemical notation (Brown et al., 1975 ▸; Connelly & Damhus, 2005 ▸). The lengths of important bonds, the distances of the Ru atoms from the mean planes of the bpt ligands, and the angles between the pyridyl­triazole and benzyl mean planes, are reported in Table 1 ▸. We performed 2D NMR analysis to fully assign the peaks in the 1H and 1C NMR spectra. The HMBC spectrum shows cross coupling of H3, but not H2, with C5. This assignment, along with information from HSQC, NOESY, and COSY spectra (see supporting information), led to consistent assignments for the remaining atoms in 2. In this structure, the DMSO mol­ecules are bonded through S, with S1—Ru1—S2 = 91.27 (2)°, and they are in slightly different environments, in agreement with the NMR data.
Table 1

Selected bond distances for complexes 2 and 3, the distance between Ru and the mean plane of the pyridyl­triazole (Å), the N1—Ru—N2 angle, and the angle between the pyridyl­triazole and benzyl mean planes (°)

 complex 2 complex 3
Ru1—N1 (pyridine)2.1714 (18)2.126 (3)
Ru1—N2 (triazole)2.0890 (19)2.044 (3)
Ru1—Cl12.3835 (6)2.4175 (9)
Ru1—Cl22.4157 (6)2.4167 (9)
Ru1—S12.2814 (6)2.2530 (9)
Ru1—S22.2440 (6)2.2434 (9)
Ru1⋯mean plane of pyridyl­triazole0.0728 (2)0.048 (3)
N1—Ru—N277.10 (7)78.32 (12)
pyridyl­triazole plane⋯benzyl plane77.75 (7)69.52 (10)
Compound 3, the thermodynamically stable product of complexation of RuCl2(DMSO)4 and bpt, forms under reflux in toluene. During the reaction we detected 2 by 1H NMR as an inter­mediate, and it gradually isomerizes to 3. The atoms trans to the two DMSO and chlorido ligands are similar or identical in 2, but different in 3 (which is the OC-6-32 isomer). However, bond lengths and angles in 2 and 3 are only slightly different (see Table 1 ▸). The 1H NMR resonances for the two DMSO ligands differ by more in 3 (four singlet peaks) than they do in 2, as expected. Unlike in 2, the benzylic methyl­ene hydrogens in 3 are inequivalent, and they appear as a multiplet at 5.67 ppm. Two other isomers of the title compound, with DMSO ligands trans and Cl ligands cis (the OC-6-43 isomer) or with cis DMSO and Cl ligands and pyridyl trans to Cl (OC-6-42), are possible. We did not observe any other materials in the NMR spectra or in the isolated products that were attributable to these isomers.

Supra­molecular features

The packing structure of 2 shows a non-classical hydrogen bond between Cl2 and H7 (see Table 2 ▸). The methine hydrogen (H7) is relatively acidic, showing a downfield 1H NMR peak at 7.93 ppm. Li & Flood (2008 ▸) took advantage of this C—H(triazole)⋯Cl inter­action in preparing a neutral, macrocyclic receptor for chloride ions. Hydrogen bonds to triazole H atoms were also used by White & Beer (2012 ▸) in creating a host system that can strongly bind halides. The packing structure of 3 also shows a close inter­action of H7, this time with O1 (see Table 3 ▸).
Table 2

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for 2

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C7—H7⋯Cl2i 0.952.493.438 (2)172

Symmetry code: (i) .

Table 3

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for 3

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C7—H7⋯O1i 0.952.113.031 (4)164

Symmetry code: (i) .

Database survey

A survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (version 5.40; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) yielded 31 Ru complexes with pyridyl­triazole-based ligands. [Hits with bis­(triazol­yl)pyridine ligands were not included in the analysis.] All of the Ru centers in these structures have the +2 oxidation state and an approximately octa­hedral geometry. In these structures, the average N(pyridine)—Ru—N(triazole) angle, Ru—N(pyridine), and Ru—N(triazole) bond lengths are 78.4 (5)°, 2.088 (10) Å, and 2.040 (17) Å, respectively; the maximum deviation of Ru from the mean plane of the pyridyl­triazole ligand is 0.319 Å. The corresponding values for 2 and 3 are listed in Table 1 ▸, showing that their structural characteristics are similar to those of the reported structures in the literature.

Synthesis and crystallization

General. RuCl3·3H2O was purchased from Pressure Chemical; other reagents and solvents were purchased from Aldrich, Alfa Aesar, Acros Organics, or Combi-Blocks, and used without further purification. Bpt (1) was synthesized according to the procedure of Crowley et al. (2010 ▸) and purified by trituration with ether. The Ru starting material was fac-[RuCl2(DMSO-S)3(DMSO-O)], prepared following the literature procedure (Evans et al., 1973 ▸) and characterized by comparison with the 1H NMR spectra of Bratsos & Alessio (2010 ▸). Elsewhere in this manuscript, it is referred to as RuCl2(DMSO)4 for simplicity. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV-400 MHz spectrometer and are reported in ppm, with coupling constants in Hz. Electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) were measured on an Agilent 6210 instrument. Synthesis of ( -6-14)-Ru(bpt)(DMSO) RuCl2(DMSO)4 (101.5 mg, 0.2095 mmol) and bpt (98.3 mg, 0.416 mmol) were mixed with 20 mL acetone and the mixture refluxed for 12 h under nitro­gen. The bright-yellow solution was allowed to cool to room temperature and the acetone evaporated in vacuo. Excess bpt was removed from the product as follows: The solid was sonicated with 5 mL of ether, the suspension centrifuged, and the solvent deca­nted. This process was repeated twice more. The resulting yellow solid was dried in air; yield 110 mg (93%). This material contains ca 95% 2 and 5% 3 by NMR. Yellow single crystals of 2 were obtained by vapor diffusion of ether into a solution of the complex in ethanol–chloro­form (1:1 v/v). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.59 (d, J = 5.04, H1), 7.93 (s, H7), 7.81 (td, J 1 = 7.68 Hz, J 2 = 1.32 Hz, H3), 7.64 (d, J = 7.56, H4), 7.46–7.51 (m, H2, H11, H12, H13), 7.35–7.39 (m, H10, H14), 5.65 (s, H8), 3.60 (s, DMSO), 3.58 (s, DMSO). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.64 (C1), 148.92, 148.82 (C5, C6), 137.37(C3), 131. 94 (C9), 129.90, 129.70 (C11/C13, C12), 128.84 (C10/C14), 124.73 (C2), 122.39 (C7), 120.77 (C4), 56.20 (C8), 46.42 (DMSO), 44.53 (DMSO). ESI–MS: m/z [Ru(bpt)(DMSO)2Cl2+Na]+ 580.9665 (calculated: 580.9686). Synthesis of ( -6-32)-Ru(bpt)(DMSO) RuCl2(DMSO)4 (513.5 mg, 1.059 mmol) and bpt (361.5 mg, 1.530 mmol) were mixed with 15 mL toluene and the mixture refluxed for 16 days under nitro­gen, then cooled to room temperature. The resulting yellow suspension was filtered and the solid washed with fresh toluene and ether, then dried in air. Yield 590 mg (98%) of yellow solid 3. For crystallization, a sample was mixed with aceto­nitrile, heated to boiling, allowed to cool, centrifuged, and the yellow deca­ntate used for ether vapor diffusion. After a day, yellow cube-shaped crystals were obtained. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.86 (d, J = 5.68, H1), 7.96 (s, H7), 7.87 (td, J 1 = 7.68 Hz, J 2 = 1.48 Hz, H3), 7.66 (d, J = 7.76 Hz, H4), 7.43–7.53 (m, H2, H12, H11, H13), 7.32–7.37 (m, H10, H14), 5.67 (m, H8), 3.69 (s, DMSO), 3.55 (s, DMSO), 3.12 (s, DMSO), 3.07 (s, DMSO). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 152.02, 149.91, 149.52, 138.72, 135.27, 129.45, 129.20, 128.77, 125.69, 124.53, 121.39, 55.45, 46.55, 45.20, 44.70, 43.91. ESI–MS: m/z [Ru(bpt)(DMSO)2Cl2+Na]+ 580.9670 (calculated: 580.9686).

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection, and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 4 ▸. In both structures, H atoms were placed in idealized positions and treated with a riding model, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å for Csp 2, 0.99 Å for CH2, and 0.98 Å for methyl groups. U iso(H) values were set to either 1.2 or 1.5 (CH3) times U eq of the attached atom. The largest peaks in the final difference maps of 2 and 3 are located 0.914 and 0.887 Å, respectively, from Ru1.
Table 4

Experimental details

  2 3
Crystal data
Chemical formula[RuCl2(C14H12N4)(C2H6OS)2][RuCl2(C14H12N4)(C2H6OS)2]
M r 564.50564.50
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P b c a Triclinic, P
Temperature (K)9090
a, b, c (Å)21.3094 (11), 9.4213 (5), 22.5267 (12)9.3535 (14), 9.4900 (15), 13.904 (2)
α, β, γ (°)90, 90, 9098.893 (5), 106.772 (5), 106.276 (5)
V3)4522.5 (4)1096.4 (3)
Z 82
Radiation typeCu KαCu Kα
μ (mm−1)9.7010.01
Crystal size (mm)0.71 × 0.16 × 0.040.67 × 0.63 × 0.45
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker Kappa APEXII CCD DUOBruker Kappa APEXII CCD DUO
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)
T min, T max 0.349, 0.7150.062, 0.094
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections34572, 3970, 36289693, 3704, 3657
R int 0.0430.026
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.5960.596
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.025, 0.067, 1.040.037, 0.103, 1.16
No. of reflections39703704
No. of parameters266266
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrainedH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.60, −0.462.21, −0.63

Computer programs: APEX3 (Bruker, 2016 ▸), SAINT (Bruker, 2012 ▸), SHELXT2014 (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸), SHELXL2017 (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) 2, 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj22122sup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj22122sup4.cdx Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj22123sup3.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj22123sup5.cdx Click here for additional data file. 1H NMR spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup6.tif Click here for additional data file. 13C NMR spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup7.tif Click here for additional data file. HMBC spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup8.tif Click here for additional data file. HSQC spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup9.tif Click here for additional data file. NOESY spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup10.tif Click here for additional data file. 1H NMR spectrum of complex 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup11.tif Click here for additional data file. 1H NMR spectrum of complex 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup12.tif Click here for additional data file. 13C NMR spectrum of complex 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019008375/jj2212sup13.tif CCDC references: 1922625, 1922624 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
[RuCl2(C14H12N4)(C2H6OS)2]Dx = 1.658 Mg m3
Mr = 564.50Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å
Orthorhombic, PbcaCell parameters from 9998 reflections
a = 21.3094 (11) Åθ = 3.9–66.5°
b = 9.4213 (5) ŵ = 9.70 mm1
c = 22.5267 (12) ÅT = 90 K
V = 4522.5 (4) Å3Needle, yellow
Z = 80.71 × 0.16 × 0.04 mm
F(000) = 2288
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD DUO diffractometer3970 independent reflections
Radiation source: IµS microfocus3628 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
QUAZAR multilayer optics monochromatorRint = 0.043
φ and ω scansθmax = 66.7°, θmin = 3.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)h = −24→23
Tmin = 0.349, Tmax = 0.715k = −11→9
34572 measured reflectionsl = −26→26
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.025H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.067w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0391P)2 + 3.2772P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.04(Δ/σ)max = 0.002
3970 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.60 e Å3
266 parametersΔρmin = −0.46 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ru10.09298 (2)0.17864 (2)0.37532 (2)0.02143 (8)
Cl10.08456 (3)0.01442 (6)0.45541 (2)0.02897 (14)
Cl20.11140 (3)0.34903 (6)0.29710 (2)0.02744 (13)
S10.04525 (3)0.34440 (6)0.43372 (2)0.02548 (13)
S20.00095 (3)0.11879 (7)0.33388 (3)0.02991 (14)
O2−0.05488 (9)0.2095 (2)0.34285 (9)0.0476 (5)
O10.08383 (8)0.4194 (2)0.47853 (8)0.0336 (4)
N10.18911 (8)0.2124 (2)0.40402 (8)0.0224 (4)
N20.14267 (8)0.0257 (2)0.32734 (8)0.0240 (4)
N30.12683 (9)−0.0753 (2)0.28984 (8)0.0264 (4)
N40.18058 (9)−0.1375 (2)0.27335 (8)0.0240 (4)
C10.21032 (11)0.3039 (2)0.44464 (10)0.0261 (5)
H10.1809860.3628420.4646540.031*
C20.27331 (12)0.3162 (3)0.45875 (11)0.0301 (5)
H20.2866090.3838220.4874050.036*
C30.31690 (11)0.2297 (3)0.43097 (11)0.0297 (5)
H30.3603090.2371490.4400430.036*
C40.29572 (11)0.1328 (3)0.38988 (10)0.0256 (5)
H40.3242920.0709380.3704130.031*
C50.23209 (11)0.1268 (3)0.37732 (9)0.0230 (5)
C60.20593 (10)0.0266 (2)0.33525 (9)0.0223 (5)
C70.23052 (10)−0.0784 (2)0.30006 (9)0.0235 (4)
H70.273411−0.1036610.2955680.028*
C80.18019 (11)−0.2548 (3)0.23009 (10)0.0281 (5)
H8A0.136727−0.2718370.2163020.034*
H8AB0.195534−0.3425850.2493640.034*
C180.00697 (12)0.1011 (3)0.25524 (11)0.0365 (6)
H18A−0.0334160.0697120.2391030.055*
H18B0.0393850.0310200.2456120.055*
H18C0.0182520.1929460.2378030.055*
C17−0.02254 (14)−0.0564 (3)0.35314 (13)0.0459 (7)
H17A−0.058689−0.0842390.3288950.069*
H17B−0.034137−0.0593920.3952240.069*
H17C0.012264−0.1221960.3459250.069*
C90.22158 (12)−0.2194 (3)0.17743 (10)0.0317 (5)
C100.19814 (17)−0.1376 (4)0.13231 (13)0.0518 (8)
H100.155735−0.1065770.1334460.062*
C110.2363 (2)−0.1000 (4)0.08503 (15)0.0686 (11)
H110.219937−0.0433150.0537630.082*
C120.29860 (18)−0.1453 (4)0.08322 (15)0.0614 (10)
H120.325403−0.1155990.0518850.074*
C130.32091 (16)−0.2331 (5)0.12711 (14)0.0592 (10)
H130.362443−0.2692910.1247410.071*
C140.28276 (13)−0.2694 (4)0.17521 (13)0.0476 (7)
H140.298593−0.3277750.2061480.057*
C150.00646 (13)0.4811 (3)0.39304 (11)0.0349 (6)
H15A0.0377640.5418720.3738150.052*
H15B−0.0191020.5382240.4201920.052*
H15C−0.0206070.4383180.3627550.052*
C16−0.02029 (12)0.2740 (3)0.47367 (11)0.0336 (5)
H16A−0.0503150.2325930.4456510.050*
H16B−0.0407150.3503770.4960270.050*
H16C−0.0057310.2005850.5012290.050*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ru10.01644 (12)0.02583 (12)0.02202 (11)0.00089 (6)0.00003 (6)−0.00100 (6)
Cl10.0250 (3)0.0305 (3)0.0313 (3)0.0012 (2)0.0041 (2)0.0048 (2)
Cl20.0217 (3)0.0355 (3)0.0251 (3)0.0012 (2)−0.0010 (2)0.0042 (2)
S10.0226 (3)0.0286 (3)0.0251 (3)0.0031 (2)0.0023 (2)−0.0011 (2)
S20.0197 (3)0.0379 (3)0.0321 (3)0.0011 (2)−0.0021 (2)−0.0057 (2)
O20.0265 (9)0.0660 (13)0.0503 (12)0.0126 (9)−0.0099 (8)−0.0207 (10)
O10.0288 (9)0.0383 (10)0.0337 (9)0.0039 (7)0.0007 (7)−0.0093 (8)
N10.0207 (9)0.0259 (10)0.0207 (9)−0.0012 (7)0.0015 (7)0.0031 (7)
N20.0191 (9)0.0286 (10)0.0245 (9)0.0002 (7)−0.0009 (7)−0.0011 (8)
N30.0218 (10)0.0306 (11)0.0268 (9)0.0013 (8)−0.0001 (7)−0.0046 (8)
N40.0216 (9)0.0277 (10)0.0226 (9)0.0011 (8)0.0015 (7)−0.0017 (8)
C10.0265 (12)0.0273 (12)0.0247 (11)−0.0001 (9)−0.0007 (9)−0.0005 (9)
C20.0267 (13)0.0300 (13)0.0336 (13)−0.0012 (9)−0.0051 (10)−0.0039 (10)
C30.0212 (11)0.0316 (13)0.0364 (12)−0.0021 (10)−0.0051 (9)0.0017 (10)
C40.0198 (11)0.0278 (12)0.0293 (11)0.0014 (9)0.0001 (9)0.0037 (10)
C50.0237 (12)0.0230 (11)0.0223 (11)0.0006 (9)0.0009 (8)0.0043 (8)
C60.0191 (11)0.0262 (12)0.0217 (10)−0.0002 (9)−0.0001 (8)0.0035 (9)
C70.0191 (11)0.0270 (12)0.0244 (10)0.0002 (9)0.0006 (8)0.0019 (9)
C80.0272 (12)0.0303 (13)0.0269 (11)0.0000 (10)0.0001 (9)−0.0064 (10)
C180.0297 (13)0.0474 (15)0.0325 (13)−0.0005 (11)−0.0077 (10)−0.0054 (11)
C170.0371 (15)0.0541 (18)0.0465 (16)−0.0165 (13)−0.0054 (13)0.0020 (14)
C90.0311 (13)0.0375 (13)0.0265 (12)−0.0047 (11)0.0033 (10)−0.0103 (10)
C100.055 (2)0.063 (2)0.0378 (15)0.0074 (16)0.0089 (13)0.0044 (14)
C110.090 (3)0.072 (3)0.0439 (18)0.000 (2)0.0190 (18)0.0109 (17)
C120.071 (2)0.069 (2)0.0434 (18)−0.0280 (19)0.0284 (17)−0.0162 (16)
C130.0360 (17)0.086 (3)0.055 (2)−0.0121 (17)0.0139 (13)−0.0219 (19)
C140.0331 (15)0.065 (2)0.0445 (15)0.0003 (14)0.0061 (12)−0.0093 (15)
C150.0346 (14)0.0381 (15)0.0319 (12)0.0091 (11)0.0035 (11)0.0016 (11)
C160.0276 (12)0.0384 (14)0.0348 (12)0.0010 (11)0.0108 (10)−0.0016 (11)
Ru1—N22.0890 (19)C6—C71.371 (3)
Ru1—N12.1714 (18)C7—H70.9500
Ru1—S22.2440 (6)C8—C91.515 (3)
Ru1—S12.2814 (6)C8—H8A0.9900
Ru1—Cl12.3835 (6)C8—H8AB0.9900
Ru1—Cl22.4157 (6)C18—H18A0.9800
S1—O11.4814 (18)C18—H18B0.9800
S1—C151.784 (3)C18—H18C0.9800
S1—C161.789 (2)C17—H17A0.9800
S2—O21.4786 (19)C17—H17B0.9800
S2—C171.779 (3)C17—H17C0.9800
S2—C181.784 (3)C9—C101.370 (4)
N1—C11.336 (3)C9—C141.387 (4)
N1—C51.360 (3)C10—C111.386 (5)
N2—N31.317 (3)C10—H100.9500
N2—C61.360 (3)C11—C121.396 (6)
N3—N41.339 (3)C11—H110.9500
N4—C71.344 (3)C12—C131.374 (6)
N4—C81.473 (3)C12—H120.9500
C1—C21.384 (4)C13—C141.397 (4)
C1—H10.9500C13—H130.9500
C2—C31.385 (4)C14—H140.9500
C2—H20.9500C15—H15A0.9800
C3—C41.376 (4)C15—H15B0.9800
C3—H30.9500C15—H15C0.9800
C4—C51.386 (3)C16—H16A0.9800
C4—H40.9500C16—H16B0.9800
C5—C61.449 (3)C16—H16C0.9800
N2—Ru1—N177.10 (7)N2—C6—C5118.1 (2)
N2—Ru1—S293.13 (5)C7—C6—C5134.5 (2)
N1—Ru1—S2170.10 (5)N4—C7—C6104.79 (19)
N2—Ru1—S1175.11 (5)N4—C7—H7127.6
N1—Ru1—S198.55 (5)C6—C7—H7127.6
S2—Ru1—S191.27 (2)N4—C8—C9110.5 (2)
N2—Ru1—Cl188.98 (5)N4—C8—H8A109.6
N1—Ru1—Cl186.60 (5)C9—C8—H8A109.6
S2—Ru1—Cl194.93 (2)N4—C8—H8AB109.6
S1—Ru1—Cl188.52 (2)C9—C8—H8AB109.6
N2—Ru1—Cl289.92 (5)H8A—C8—H8AB108.1
N1—Ru1—Cl288.09 (5)S2—C18—H18A109.5
S2—Ru1—Cl290.32 (2)S2—C18—H18B109.5
S1—Ru1—Cl292.19 (2)H18A—C18—H18B109.5
Cl1—Ru1—Cl2174.69 (2)S2—C18—H18C109.5
O1—S1—C15105.23 (12)H18A—C18—H18C109.5
O1—S1—C16105.50 (11)H18B—C18—H18C109.5
C15—S1—C1699.46 (13)S2—C17—H17A109.5
O1—S1—Ru1118.17 (7)S2—C17—H17B109.5
C15—S1—Ru1113.87 (9)H17A—C17—H17B109.5
C16—S1—Ru1112.62 (9)S2—C17—H17C109.5
O2—S2—C17106.05 (14)H17A—C17—H17C109.5
O2—S2—C18104.33 (12)H17B—C17—H17C109.5
C17—S2—C18100.13 (14)C10—C9—C14120.5 (3)
O2—S2—Ru1120.08 (8)C10—C9—C8119.5 (2)
C17—S2—Ru1112.19 (10)C14—C9—C8120.1 (3)
C18—S2—Ru1111.94 (9)C9—C10—C11120.0 (3)
C1—N1—C5117.23 (19)C9—C10—H10120.0
C1—N1—Ru1128.13 (16)C11—C10—H10120.0
C5—N1—Ru1114.63 (15)C10—C11—C12120.2 (4)
N3—N2—C6110.02 (18)C10—C11—H11119.9
N3—N2—Ru1134.47 (14)C12—C11—H11119.9
C6—N2—Ru1115.51 (15)C13—C12—C11119.5 (3)
N2—N3—N4105.96 (17)C13—C12—H12120.3
N3—N4—C7111.83 (18)C11—C12—H12120.3
N3—N4—C8120.44 (18)C12—C13—C14120.3 (3)
C7—N4—C8127.72 (19)C12—C13—H13119.9
N1—C1—C2122.6 (2)C14—C13—H13119.9
N1—C1—H1118.7C9—C14—C13119.5 (3)
C2—C1—H1118.7C9—C14—H14120.3
C1—C2—C3119.8 (2)C13—C14—H14120.3
C1—C2—H2120.1S1—C15—H15A109.5
C3—C2—H2120.1S1—C15—H15B109.5
C4—C3—C2118.3 (2)H15A—C15—H15B109.5
C4—C3—H3120.8S1—C15—H15C109.5
C2—C3—H3120.8H15A—C15—H15C109.5
C3—C4—C5119.0 (2)H15B—C15—H15C109.5
C3—C4—H4120.5S1—C16—H16A109.5
C5—C4—H4120.5S1—C16—H16B109.5
N1—C5—C4123.0 (2)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
N1—C5—C6114.6 (2)S1—C16—H16C109.5
C4—C5—C6122.4 (2)H16A—C16—H16C109.5
N2—C6—C7107.39 (19)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
C6—N2—N3—N4−0.8 (2)C4—C5—C6—N2177.9 (2)
Ru1—N2—N3—N4179.26 (15)N1—C5—C6—C7−178.5 (2)
N2—N3—N4—C70.4 (2)C4—C5—C6—C70.5 (4)
N2—N3—N4—C8−178.75 (19)N3—N4—C7—C60.1 (2)
C5—N1—C1—C21.7 (3)C8—N4—C7—C6179.2 (2)
Ru1—N1—C1—C2−179.42 (18)N2—C6—C7—N4−0.6 (2)
N1—C1—C2—C3−1.1 (4)C5—C6—C7—N4177.1 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4−0.2 (4)N3—N4—C8—C9123.2 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C50.9 (4)C7—N4—C8—C9−55.9 (3)
C1—N1—C5—C4−1.0 (3)N4—C8—C9—C10−82.9 (3)
Ru1—N1—C5—C4179.97 (17)N4—C8—C9—C1496.9 (3)
C1—N1—C5—C6177.95 (19)C14—C9—C10—C11−2.3 (5)
Ru1—N1—C5—C6−1.1 (2)C8—C9—C10—C11177.5 (3)
C3—C4—C5—N1−0.3 (3)C9—C10—C11—C120.0 (6)
C3—C4—C5—C6−179.2 (2)C10—C11—C12—C133.2 (6)
N3—N2—C6—C70.9 (2)C11—C12—C13—C14−4.1 (5)
Ru1—N2—C6—C7−179.16 (14)C10—C9—C14—C131.4 (5)
N3—N2—C6—C5−177.21 (18)C8—C9—C14—C13−178.4 (3)
Ru1—N2—C6—C52.7 (2)C12—C13—C14—C91.9 (5)
N1—C5—C6—N2−1.1 (3)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C7—H7···Cl2i0.952.493.438 (2)172
[RuCl2(C14H12N4)(C2H6OS)2]Z = 2
Mr = 564.50F(000) = 572
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.710 Mg m3
a = 9.3535 (14) ÅCu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å
b = 9.4900 (15) ÅCell parameters from 7943 reflections
c = 13.904 (2) Åθ = 3.4–66.9°
α = 98.893 (5)°µ = 10.01 mm1
β = 106.772 (5)°T = 90 K
γ = 106.276 (5)°Cubic, yellow
V = 1096.4 (3) Å30.67 × 0.63 × 0.45 mm
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD DUO diffractometer3704 independent reflections
Radiation source: IµS microfocus3657 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
QUAZAR multilayer optics monochromatorRint = 0.026
φ and ω scansθmax = 66.9°, θmin = 3.4°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)h = −10→11
Tmin = 0.062, Tmax = 0.094k = −10→11
9693 measured reflectionsl = −16→11
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.103w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0546P)2 + 2.1529P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.16(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3704 reflectionsΔρmax = 2.21 e Å3
266 parametersΔρmin = −0.63 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ru10.34993 (3)0.83627 (3)0.70658 (2)0.01710 (13)
Cl10.47441 (11)0.82110 (10)0.88125 (7)0.0249 (2)
C10.4322 (5)0.5485 (4)0.6392 (3)0.0251 (8)
H10.3264540.4924170.6319640.030*
C30.6834 (5)0.5504 (4)0.6309 (3)0.0249 (8)
H30.7517930.4982960.6179200.030*
N30.6204 (4)1.1465 (4)0.7637 (3)0.0211 (6)
C50.6319 (4)0.7785 (4)0.6771 (3)0.0201 (7)
S10.22838 (10)0.98237 (10)0.76998 (7)0.0195 (2)
S20.25606 (10)0.85272 (10)0.54247 (7)0.0201 (2)
Cl20.11642 (10)0.61922 (10)0.67424 (7)0.0240 (2)
C20.5301 (5)0.4707 (4)0.6218 (3)0.0281 (8)
H20.4922960.3627960.6036450.034*
N20.5625 (4)0.9976 (3)0.7295 (2)0.0197 (6)
O10.0918 (3)1.0056 (3)0.6943 (2)0.0237 (6)
O20.3217 (3)0.7874 (3)0.4691 (2)0.0248 (6)
N10.4805 (4)0.7007 (3)0.6660 (2)0.0197 (6)
N40.7735 (4)1.1863 (3)0.7691 (2)0.0198 (6)
C40.7360 (5)0.7070 (4)0.6590 (3)0.0227 (8)
H40.8410050.7647020.6658530.027*
C60.6756 (4)0.9424 (4)0.7130 (3)0.0186 (7)
C70.8119 (4)1.0644 (4)0.7384 (3)0.0193 (7)
H70.9116181.0634220.7350850.023*
C80.8771 (4)1.3460 (4)0.8080 (3)0.0227 (8)
H8A0.8185481.4082130.8314160.027*
H8B0.9070111.3816650.7509050.027*
C91.0257 (4)1.3673 (4)0.8971 (3)0.0197 (7)
C101.1666 (5)1.4801 (4)0.9085 (3)0.0231 (8)
H101.1683181.5397920.8596580.028*
C131.1646 (5)1.3045 (5)1.0502 (3)0.0282 (9)
H131.1638611.2428581.0979110.034*
C111.3043 (5)1.5055 (4)0.9911 (3)0.0254 (8)
H111.3993251.5838290.9990960.030*
C121.3051 (5)1.4179 (5)1.0621 (3)0.0272 (8)
H121.4000031.4350621.1181640.033*
C150.1582 (5)0.9144 (5)0.8671 (3)0.0285 (8)
H15A0.1047860.9796690.8920220.043*
H15B0.2483830.9162450.9253220.043*
H15C0.0830770.8101370.8370400.043*
C141.0261 (5)1.2809 (4)0.9692 (3)0.0244 (8)
H140.9302781.2049610.9627910.029*
C160.3581 (5)1.1661 (4)0.8480 (3)0.0254 (8)
H16A0.4038591.2242470.8051030.038*
H16B0.4436701.1565190.9041750.038*
H16C0.2983501.2188010.8777880.038*
C170.0452 (5)0.7802 (4)0.4819 (3)0.0255 (8)
H17A0.0154950.8045490.4145080.038*
H17B−0.0026640.8263460.5263190.038*
H17C0.0067680.6697360.4714090.038*
C180.2932 (5)1.0468 (4)0.5377 (3)0.0250 (8)
H18A0.2382661.0506970.4670300.037*
H18B0.4077231.0989360.5571260.037*
H18C0.2537711.0969430.5862290.037*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ru10.01527 (18)0.01563 (18)0.01954 (18)0.00614 (12)0.00501 (12)0.00265 (12)
Cl10.0253 (5)0.0278 (5)0.0212 (4)0.0119 (4)0.0045 (4)0.0065 (4)
C10.026 (2)0.0198 (19)0.0272 (19)0.0087 (16)0.0064 (16)0.0024 (15)
C30.030 (2)0.0251 (19)0.0220 (18)0.0183 (17)0.0048 (16)0.0033 (15)
N30.0177 (15)0.0198 (16)0.0245 (15)0.0066 (12)0.0062 (12)0.0042 (12)
C50.0216 (18)0.0227 (19)0.0171 (17)0.0106 (15)0.0055 (14)0.0055 (14)
S10.0180 (4)0.0210 (4)0.0202 (4)0.0082 (3)0.0070 (3)0.0037 (3)
S20.0211 (4)0.0185 (4)0.0203 (4)0.0076 (3)0.0063 (3)0.0036 (3)
Cl20.0215 (4)0.0200 (4)0.0269 (4)0.0035 (3)0.0074 (4)0.0050 (3)
C20.033 (2)0.0187 (18)0.029 (2)0.0088 (16)0.0065 (17)0.0027 (15)
N20.0198 (15)0.0174 (15)0.0207 (15)0.0066 (12)0.0061 (12)0.0028 (12)
O10.0199 (13)0.0305 (14)0.0233 (13)0.0134 (11)0.0072 (11)0.0055 (11)
O20.0282 (14)0.0210 (13)0.0255 (13)0.0094 (11)0.0106 (11)0.0030 (11)
N10.0196 (15)0.0180 (15)0.0192 (15)0.0071 (12)0.0041 (12)0.0025 (12)
N40.0139 (14)0.0192 (15)0.0237 (15)0.0044 (12)0.0052 (12)0.0034 (12)
C40.0232 (19)0.027 (2)0.0197 (17)0.0120 (16)0.0070 (15)0.0048 (15)
C60.0184 (17)0.0201 (18)0.0183 (16)0.0099 (14)0.0057 (14)0.0029 (14)
C70.0150 (17)0.0234 (18)0.0221 (17)0.0101 (14)0.0070 (14)0.0055 (14)
C80.0204 (18)0.0178 (18)0.0292 (19)0.0069 (15)0.0072 (16)0.0062 (15)
C90.0175 (17)0.0180 (17)0.0232 (18)0.0084 (14)0.0064 (15)0.0014 (14)
C100.0242 (19)0.0185 (18)0.0268 (19)0.0060 (15)0.0106 (16)0.0052 (15)
C130.035 (2)0.028 (2)0.0224 (19)0.0129 (18)0.0102 (17)0.0073 (16)
C110.0207 (19)0.0211 (19)0.029 (2)0.0053 (15)0.0064 (16)−0.0007 (15)
C120.024 (2)0.028 (2)0.0235 (19)0.0101 (16)0.0021 (16)−0.0026 (16)
C150.029 (2)0.033 (2)0.029 (2)0.0115 (18)0.0154 (17)0.0117 (17)
C140.0238 (19)0.0244 (19)0.0242 (19)0.0054 (16)0.0114 (16)0.0037 (15)
C160.025 (2)0.0235 (19)0.0262 (19)0.0094 (16)0.0094 (16)−0.0014 (15)
C170.0237 (19)0.025 (2)0.0231 (18)0.0073 (16)0.0039 (15)0.0036 (15)
C180.029 (2)0.0223 (19)0.0256 (19)0.0100 (16)0.0104 (16)0.0071 (15)
Ru1—N22.044 (3)C6—C71.370 (5)
Ru1—N12.126 (3)C7—H70.9500
Ru1—S22.2434 (9)C8—C91.509 (5)
Ru1—S12.2530 (9)C8—H8A0.9900
Ru1—Cl22.4167 (9)C8—H8B0.9900
Ru1—Cl12.4175 (9)C9—C141.390 (5)
C1—N11.341 (5)C9—C101.394 (5)
C1—C21.377 (6)C10—C111.387 (6)
C1—H10.9500C10—H100.9500
C3—C41.379 (6)C13—C141.384 (6)
C3—C21.380 (6)C13—C121.393 (6)
C3—H30.9500C13—H130.9500
N3—N21.315 (4)C11—C121.385 (6)
N3—N41.351 (4)C11—H110.9500
C5—N11.351 (5)C12—H120.9500
C5—C41.390 (5)C15—H15A0.9800
C5—C61.456 (5)C15—H15B0.9800
S1—O11.497 (3)C15—H15C0.9800
S1—C161.777 (4)C14—H140.9500
S1—C151.793 (4)C16—H16A0.9800
S2—O21.477 (3)C16—H16B0.9800
S2—C171.782 (4)C16—H16C0.9800
S2—C181.792 (4)C17—H17A0.9800
C2—H20.9500C17—H17B0.9800
N2—C61.364 (5)C17—H17C0.9800
N4—C71.348 (5)C18—H18A0.9800
N4—C81.466 (5)C18—H18B0.9800
C4—H40.9500C18—H18C0.9800
N2—Ru1—N178.32 (12)N2—C6—C5117.9 (3)
N2—Ru1—S290.28 (9)C7—C6—C5135.0 (3)
N1—Ru1—S291.60 (8)N4—C7—C6105.0 (3)
N2—Ru1—S1100.24 (9)N4—C7—H7127.5
N1—Ru1—S1173.01 (8)C6—C7—H7127.5
S2—Ru1—S195.26 (3)N4—C8—C9111.4 (3)
N2—Ru1—Cl2171.78 (9)N4—C8—H8A109.3
N1—Ru1—Cl293.49 (9)C9—C8—H8A109.3
S2—Ru1—Cl290.60 (3)N4—C8—H8B109.3
S1—Ru1—Cl287.81 (3)C9—C8—H8B109.3
N2—Ru1—Cl185.57 (9)H8A—C8—H8B108.0
N1—Ru1—Cl184.32 (8)C14—C9—C10119.0 (3)
S2—Ru1—Cl1174.69 (3)C14—C9—C8122.3 (3)
S1—Ru1—Cl188.75 (3)C10—C9—C8118.7 (3)
Cl2—Ru1—Cl193.04 (3)C11—C10—C9120.1 (4)
N1—C1—C2122.5 (4)C11—C10—H10119.9
N1—C1—H1118.8C9—C10—H10119.9
C2—C1—H1118.8C14—C13—C12120.4 (4)
C4—C3—C2119.0 (4)C14—C13—H13119.8
C4—C3—H3120.5C12—C13—H13119.8
C2—C3—H3120.5C12—C11—C10120.8 (4)
N2—N3—N4105.3 (3)C12—C11—H11119.6
N1—C5—C4122.5 (3)C10—C11—H11119.6
N1—C5—C6113.6 (3)C11—C12—C13119.0 (4)
C4—C5—C6123.8 (3)C11—C12—H12120.5
O1—S1—C16106.23 (18)C13—C12—H12120.5
O1—S1—C15106.64 (18)S1—C15—H15A109.5
C16—S1—C1597.9 (2)S1—C15—H15B109.5
O1—S1—Ru1117.75 (11)H15A—C15—H15B109.5
C16—S1—Ru1114.42 (13)S1—C15—H15C109.5
C15—S1—Ru1111.80 (14)H15A—C15—H15C109.5
O2—S2—C17107.02 (17)H15B—C15—H15C109.5
O2—S2—C18105.76 (17)C13—C14—C9120.6 (4)
C17—S2—C1899.59 (19)C13—C14—H14119.7
O2—S2—Ru1116.22 (12)C9—C14—H14119.7
C17—S2—Ru1115.64 (13)S1—C16—H16A109.5
C18—S2—Ru1110.93 (13)S1—C16—H16B109.5
C1—C2—C3119.5 (4)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
C1—C2—H2120.2S1—C16—H16C109.5
C3—C2—H2120.2H16A—C16—H16C109.5
N3—N2—C6110.8 (3)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
N3—N2—Ru1134.0 (2)S2—C17—H17A109.5
C6—N2—Ru1115.0 (2)S2—C17—H17B109.5
C1—N1—C5117.9 (3)H17A—C17—H17B109.5
C1—N1—Ru1126.7 (3)S2—C17—H17C109.5
C5—N1—Ru1115.1 (2)H17A—C17—H17C109.5
C7—N4—N3111.9 (3)H17B—C17—H17C109.5
C7—N4—C8127.9 (3)S2—C18—H18A109.5
N3—N4—C8120.2 (3)S2—C18—H18B109.5
C3—C4—C5118.5 (4)H18A—C18—H18B109.5
C3—C4—H4120.7S2—C18—H18C109.5
C5—C4—H4120.7H18A—C18—H18C109.5
N2—C6—C7107.1 (3)H18B—C18—H18C109.5
N1—C1—C2—C3−0.7 (6)C4—C5—C6—N2−178.9 (3)
C4—C3—C2—C11.1 (6)N1—C5—C6—C7177.5 (4)
N4—N3—N2—C6−0.2 (4)C4—C5—C6—C7−0.5 (6)
N4—N3—N2—Ru1174.8 (2)N3—N4—C7—C6−0.3 (4)
C2—C1—N1—C5−0.8 (6)C8—N4—C7—C6177.8 (3)
C2—C1—N1—Ru1−174.9 (3)N2—C6—C7—N40.2 (4)
C4—C5—N1—C11.9 (5)C5—C6—C7—N4−178.2 (4)
C6—C5—N1—C1−176.1 (3)C7—N4—C8—C9−53.0 (5)
C4—C5—N1—Ru1176.7 (3)N3—N4—C8—C9125.0 (3)
C6—C5—N1—Ru1−1.3 (4)N4—C8—C9—C14−34.4 (5)
N2—N3—N4—C70.3 (4)N4—C8—C9—C10147.0 (3)
N2—N3—N4—C8−178.0 (3)C14—C9—C10—C11−0.3 (5)
C2—C3—C4—C50.0 (5)C8—C9—C10—C11178.3 (3)
N1—C5—C4—C3−1.5 (5)C9—C10—C11—C121.2 (6)
C6—C5—C4—C3176.3 (3)C10—C11—C12—C13−0.7 (6)
N3—N2—C6—C70.0 (4)C14—C13—C12—C11−0.7 (6)
Ru1—N2—C6—C7−176.1 (2)C12—C13—C14—C91.6 (6)
N3—N2—C6—C5178.7 (3)C10—C9—C14—C13−1.1 (5)
Ru1—N2—C6—C52.7 (4)C8—C9—C14—C13−179.6 (4)
N1—C5—C6—N2−0.9 (5)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C7—H7···O1i0.952.113.031 (4)164
  13 in total

1.  Cyclic pyridyltriazole-Cu(II) dimers as supramolecular hosts.

Authors:  Uttam R Pokharel; Frank R Fronczek; Andrew W Maverick
Journal:  Dalton Trans       Date:  2013-10-21       Impact factor: 4.390

2.  Recent advances in sensitized mesoscopic solar cells.

Authors:  Michael Grätzel
Journal:  Acc Chem Res       Date:  2009-11-17       Impact factor: 22.384

Review 3.  Visible light photoredox catalysis with transition metal complexes: applications in organic synthesis.

Authors:  Christopher K Prier; Danica A Rankic; David W C MacMillan
Journal:  Chem Rev       Date:  2013-03-19       Impact factor: 60.622

4.  A catenane host system containing integrated triazole C-H hydrogen bond donors for anion recognition.

Authors:  Nicholas G White; Paul D Beer
Journal:  Chem Commun (Camb)       Date:  2012-07-18       Impact factor: 6.222

5.  Reduction of carbon dioxide to oxalate by a binuclear copper complex.

Authors:  Uttam R Pokharel; Frank R Fronczek; Andrew W Maverick
Journal:  Nat Commun       Date:  2014-12-19       Impact factor: 14.919

6.  Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes containing triazole-pyridine ligands: luminescence enhancement upon substitution with beta-cyclodextrin.

Authors:  Marco Felici; Pablo Contreras-Carballada; Yolanda Vida; Jan M M Smits; Roeland J M Nolte; Luisa De Cola; René M Williams; Martin C Feiters
Journal:  Chemistry       Date:  2009-12-07       Impact factor: 5.236

7.  2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine meets 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine: tuning the electro-optical properties of ruthenium(II) complexes.

Authors:  Benjamin Schulze; Christian Friebe; Martin D Hager; Andreas Winter; Richard Hoogenboom; Helmar Görls; Ulrich S Schubert
Journal:  Dalton Trans       Date:  2008-11-21       Impact factor: 4.390

8.  Comparison of silver and molybdenum microfocus X-ray sources for single-crystal structure determination.

Authors:  Lennard Krause; Regine Herbst-Irmer; George M Sheldrick; Dietmar Stalke
Journal:  J Appl Crystallogr       Date:  2015-01-30       Impact factor: 3.304

9.  SHELXT - integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 2.290

10.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

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