Rationale: The oropharyngeal microbiome is a primary source of lung microbiota, contributes to lower respiratory infection, and is also a driver of oral health. Objectives: We sought to understand oropharyngeal microbial communities in advanced lung disease, community dynamics after lung transplantation, and ecological features of dysbiosis. Methods: Oropharyngeal wash samples were obtained from individuals with end-stage disease awaiting transplantation (n = 22) and longitudinally from individuals at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after transplantation (n = 33), along with healthy control subjects (n = 14). Bacterial 16S and fungal internal transcribed spacer rRNA regions were deep-sequenced, and bacterial community respiratory patterns were imputed from taxonomic composition. Results: Healthy subjects' oropharyngeal microbiomes showed a gradient of community types reflecting relative enrichment of strictly anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic bacteria. Patients with end-stage lung disease showed severe dysbiosis by both taxonomic composition and respiration phenotypes, with reduced richness and diversity, increased facultative and decreased aerobic bacteria, and absence of communities characterized by obligate aerobes. In patients at 6 weeks and 3 months post-transplant, richness and diversity were intermediate between healthy and pretransplant subjects, with near-normal distribution of community types. However, by 6 months post-transplant, oropharyngeal wash resembled the low-diversity facultative-dominated profile of pretransplant subjects. Community ecotype correlated with Candida abundance.Conclusions: End-stage lung disease is associated with marked upper respiratory tract dysbiosis involving both community structure and respiratory metabolism profiles of constituent bacteria. Dynamic changes occur after lung transplantation, with partial normalization early but later appearance of severe dysbiosis similar to pretransplant patients. Aberrant oropharyngeal communities may predispose to abnormal lung microbiota and infection risk both in advanced lung disease and after transplantation.
Rationale: The oropharyngeal microbiome is a primary source of lung microbiota, contributes to lower respiratory infection, and is also a driver of oral health. Objectives: We sought to understand oropharyngeal microbial communities in advanced lung disease, community dynamics after lung transplantation, and ecological features of dysbiosis. Methods: Oropharyngeal wash samples were obtained from individuals with end-stage disease awaiting transplantation (n = 22) and longitudinally from individuals at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after transplantation (n = 33), along with healthy control subjects (n = 14). Bacterial 16S and fungal internal transcribed spacer rRNA regions were deep-sequenced, and bacterial community respiratory patterns were imputed from taxonomic composition. Results: Healthy subjects' oropharyngeal microbiomes showed a gradient of community types reflecting relative enrichment of strictly anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic bacteria. Patients with end-stage lung disease showed severe dysbiosis by both taxonomic composition and respiration phenotypes, with reduced richness and diversity, increased facultative and decreased aerobic bacteria, and absence of communities characterized by obligate aerobes. In patients at 6 weeks and 3 months post-transplant, richness and diversity were intermediate between healthy and pretransplant subjects, with near-normal distribution of community types. However, by 6 months post-transplant, oropharyngeal wash resembled the low-diversity facultative-dominated profile of pretransplant subjects. Community ecotype correlated with Candida abundance.Conclusions: End-stage lung disease is associated with marked upper respiratory tract dysbiosis involving both community structure and respiratory metabolism profiles of constituent bacteria. Dynamic changes occur after lung transplantation, with partial normalization early but later appearance of severe dysbiosis similar to pretransplant patients. Aberrant oropharyngeal communities may predispose to abnormal lung microbiota and infection risk both in advanced lung disease and after transplantation.
Authors: Emily S Charlson; Joshua M Diamond; Kyle Bittinger; Ayannah S Fitzgerald; Anjana Yadav; Andrew R Haas; Frederic D Bushman; Ronald G Collman Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2012-07-12 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Patricia I Diaz; Bo-Young Hong; Jorge Frias-Lopez; Amanda K Dupuy; Mark Angeloni; Loreto Abusleme; Evimaria Terzi; Effie Ioannidou; Linda D Strausbaugh; Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2013-04-24
Authors: Emily S Charlson; Jun Chen; Rebecca Custers-Allen; Kyle Bittinger; Hongzhe Li; Rohini Sinha; Jennifer Hwang; Frederic D Bushman; Ronald G Collman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-12-20 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Christian Garzoni; Silvio D Brugger; Weihong Qi; Sarah Wasmer; Alexia Cusini; Philippe Dumont; Meri Gorgievski-Hrisoho; Kathrin Mühlemann; Christophe von Garnier; Markus Hilty Journal: Thorax Date: 2013-08-14 Impact factor: 9.139
Authors: Victoria C Ewan; William D K Reid; Mark Shirley; A John Simpson; Steven P Rushton; William G Wade Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2018-02-20 Impact factor: 5.293
Authors: Carter Merenstein; Guanxiang Liang; Samantha A Whiteside; Ana G Cobián-Güemes; Madeline S Merlino; Louis J Taylor; Abigail Glascock; Kyle Bittinger; Ceylan Tanes; Jevon Graham-Wooten; Layla A Khatib; Ayannah S Fitzgerald; Shantan Reddy; Amy E Baxter; Josephine R Giles; Derek A Oldridge; Nuala J Meyer; E John Wherry; John E McGinniss; Frederic D Bushman; Ronald G Collman Journal: mBio Date: 2021-08-17 Impact factor: 7.786
Authors: John E McGinniss; Samantha A Whiteside; Aurea Simon-Soro; Joshua M Diamond; Jason D Christie; Fredrick D Bushman; Ronald G Collman Journal: J Heart Lung Transplant Date: 2021-05-07 Impact factor: 13.569
Authors: Carter Merenstein; Guanxiang Liang; Samantha A Whiteside; Ana G Cobián-Güemes; Madeline S Merlino; Louis J Taylor; Abigail Glascock; Kyle Bittinger; Ceylan Tanes; Jevon Graham-Wooten; Layla A Khatib; Ayannah S Fitzgerald; Shantan Reddy; Amy E Baxter; Josephine R Giles; Derek A Oldridge; Nuala J Meyer; E John Wherry; John E McGinniss; Frederic D Bushman; Ronald G Collman Journal: medRxiv Date: 2021-04-05