Timing of sacral neurostimulation is important for increasing bladder capacity in the anesthetized rat.

We assessed the effects of limited application of sacral neurostimulation (SNS) during bladder filling on bladder capacity using our previously published SNS model in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were urethane anesthetized (1.2 g/kg sc) and implanted with jugular venous and transvesical bladder catheters. L6/S1 nerve trunks were isolated bilaterally, and two electrodes were placed on each exposed nerve. True bladder capacity (TBC) was determined using stable single-fill cystometrograms. In the first series of experiments, SNS was applied at the onset of bladder filling for 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the previous control filling cycle duration (n = 10). In the second series of experiments, SNS was applied during the first, second, third, and fourth 25% and the first and second 50% of the control fill. In the first series, a significant increase in TBC was observed only when SNS was applied for 75% or 100% of the control fill duration (30% and 35%, respectively, P < 0.05). In the second series, significant increases in TBC only occurred during the fourth 25% period and second 50% period (32% and 43%, respectively, P < 0.001). Results from the second series also revealed an increase in subsequent single-fill bladder capacities (TBC) only when SNS was applied during the second 50% of the prior fill cycle. These data indicate that the application of SNS during the final 50% of the bladder fill cycle is necessary and sufficient for increasing bladder capacity.