Zahra Khalighi1, Gholamreza Badfar2, Leily Mahmoudi3, Ali Soleymani4, Milad Azami5, Masoumeh Shohani6. 1. Forensic Pathology and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran. 3. Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. 4. Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. 5. Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. 6. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Electronic address: shohani-m@medilam.ac.ir.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iranian patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through meta-analysis. METHODS: This is a systematic review article based on MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Review of the literature was done using databases including Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, SID, RICST, IranDoc, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine without time limit until December, 2018. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 index. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2 according to a random-effects model. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as the significance level. RESULTS: The analysis consisted of 44 studies including 10,349 Iranian patients with DM. The prevalence of depression was estimated to be 61.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.6-66.7). The lowest and highest prevalence of depression based on regions was in the North (56.7% [95%CI: 44.9-67.8]) and the East (64.2% [95%CI: 30.7-87.9]), respectively. The depression prevalence in females and males was 63.9% (95%CI: 54.0-72.8) and 46.3% (95%CI: 36.4-56.4), respectively, The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe and highly severe depression was estimated to be 24.4% (95%CI: 21.0-28.2), 19.1% (95%CI: 15.2-23.9), 11.4% (95%CI: 8.6-14.9), and 4.6% (95%CI: 3.4-6.1), respectively. In eight studies, the prevalence of anxiety in Iranian patients with DM was estimated to be 64.5% (95%CI: 42.0-82.1). CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety are more prevalent among Iranian patients with DM compared with developed countries. Therefore, regular psychiatric consultation is required for the early diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety in these patients.
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iranian patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through meta-analysis. METHODS: This is a systematic review article based on MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Review of the literature was done using databases including Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, SID, RICST, IranDoc, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine without time limit until December, 2018. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 index. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2 according to a random-effects model. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as the significance level. RESULTS: The analysis consisted of 44 studies including 10,349 Iranian patients with DM. The prevalence of depression was estimated to be 61.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.6-66.7). The lowest and highest prevalence of depression based on regions was in the North (56.7% [95%CI: 44.9-67.8]) and the East (64.2% [95%CI: 30.7-87.9]), respectively. The depression prevalence in females and males was 63.9% (95%CI: 54.0-72.8) and 46.3% (95%CI: 36.4-56.4), respectively, The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe and highly severe depression was estimated to be 24.4% (95%CI: 21.0-28.2), 19.1% (95%CI: 15.2-23.9), 11.4% (95%CI: 8.6-14.9), and 4.6% (95%CI: 3.4-6.1), respectively. In eight studies, the prevalence of anxiety in Iranian patients with DM was estimated to be 64.5% (95%CI: 42.0-82.1). CONCLUSIONS:Depression and anxiety are more prevalent among Iranian patients with DM compared with developed countries. Therefore, regular psychiatric consultation is required for the early diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety in these patients.