Shamila Balasubramaniam1, Shueh Lin Lim2, Lay Hoon Goh3, Sivasangari Subramaniam4, Balamurugan Tangiisuran5. 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: julavben@gmail.com. 2. Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: shepsll@yahoo.com. 3. Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: layhoon1689@yahoo.com.sg. 4. Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: sivasangarisubramaniam@gmail.com. 5. National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: bala@usm.my.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Illness perceptions (IP) involve coping strategies and behavioural responses that can influence glycaemic control. Despite the importance of good glycaemic control, the majority of patients in Asia are not achieving glycaemic targets. An evaluation of IP in association with glycaemic control, medication adherence and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) was carried out in an outpatient setting in Malaysia METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire in a purposive sample of 384 T2DM patients. RESULTS: There were 55.7% females, median age was 58.2 years and median duration of diabetes was 13 years. The majority (79.4%) of patients had poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) and 39.6% of patients had low medication adherence. Patients with good glycaemic control had a higher Timeline Acute/Chronic and Emotional Representations score, hence they held the correct belief that diabetes is chronic and experienced negative emotions. Highly adherent patients had a higher Illness Coherence (χ2 = 21.385, p < 0.001) score but a lower Consequences (χ2 = 17.592, p < 0.001) and Emotional Representations (χ2 = 16.849, p < 0.001) score indicating good understanding and less negative perceptions of disease burden. Patients in a more advanced stage of CKD had a significantly higher Timeline Cyclical score (χ2 = 18.718, p = 0.001), believing that diabetes was unpredictable. CONCLUSION: Dimensions of IP have been shown to be significantly associated with the assessed variables, therefore intervention studies with education, support and counselling should be conducted in Asia with the ultimate aim of empowering patients through IP-targeted management.
BACKGROUND: Illness perceptions (IP) involve coping strategies and behavioural responses that can influence glycaemic control. Despite the importance of good glycaemic control, the majority of patients in Asia are not achieving glycaemic targets. An evaluation of IP in association with glycaemic control, medication adherence and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Type 2 diabetes mellituspatients (T2DM) was carried out in an outpatient setting in Malaysia METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire in a purposive sample of 384 T2DM patients. RESULTS: There were 55.7% females, median age was 58.2 years and median duration of diabetes was 13 years. The majority (79.4%) of patients had poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) and 39.6% of patients had low medication adherence. Patients with good glycaemic control had a higher Timeline Acute/Chronic and Emotional Representations score, hence they held the correct belief that diabetes is chronic and experienced negative emotions. Highly adherent patients had a higher Illness Coherence (χ2 = 21.385, p < 0.001) score but a lower Consequences (χ2 = 17.592, p < 0.001) and Emotional Representations (χ2 = 16.849, p < 0.001) score indicating good understanding and less negative perceptions of disease burden. Patients in a more advanced stage of CKD had a significantly higher Timeline Cyclical score (χ2 = 18.718, p = 0.001), believing that diabetes was unpredictable. CONCLUSION: Dimensions of IP have been shown to be significantly associated with the assessed variables, therefore intervention studies with education, support and counselling should be conducted in Asia with the ultimate aim of empowering patients through IP-targeted management.
Authors: Anne Zanchi; Marie Paule Schneider; Carole Bandiera; Jennifer Dotta-Celio; Isabella Locatelli; Dina Nobre; Grégoire Wuerzner; Menno Pruijm; Faiza Lamine; Michel Burnier Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2021-03-19