Early pregnancy biochemical markers of placentation for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

For the effective management and screening of patients with diabetes, lipid profile has been a useful mean. Here, we hypothesized that biochemical analyses of blood serum in pregnant women with GDM will develop an insight on the pathogenesis of the disease and possibly uncover new biomarkers. In order to test our hypothesis, antenatal pregnant women (n = 300) were selected for blood samples including 176 with positive clinical/family history and 124 with negative clinical/family history of GDM during the early second trimester (14-18 weeks of gestation). All the subjects were followed up to the early third trimester (24-28 weeks of gestation) for second sampling until the onset of GDM. Lipid profile data shows that mean values of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipids and very low density lipids were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and mean HDL was significantly lower in early second trimester in those patients who subsequently developed GDM during late third trimester when compared with those who didn't develop GDM. Inflammatory biomarker such as High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were also found to be significantly higher by 69% increase in patients who developed GDM later in third trimester in comparison with those who didn't develop. About 32% patients who finally developed GDM belonged to positive clinical/family history group. The results of our study indicate that abnormal serum cholesterol; triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL and hs-CRP play a vital in pathophysiology of gestational diabetes. Early diagnosis of GDM based on these biochemical markers will help decrease adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.