Massimo F Piepoli1,2, Claudio Ceconi3. 1. Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy. 2. Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy. 3. U.O. Cardiologia, ASST Garda, Desenzano del Garda, Italy.