Daniela Bragantini1, Børge Sivertsen2, Philip Gehrman3, Stian Lydersen4, Ismail Cüneyt Güzey5. 1. Department of Research and Development (AFFU), Department of Mental Health, NTNU, PO Box 3250 Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway; Division of Mental Health Care, St Olavs University Hospital, Østmarkveien 15, 7040, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: daniela.bragantini@ntnu.no. 2. Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF Haugesund Hospital, PO Box 2170, 5504 Haugesund, Norway. 3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St, Suite 670, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3624 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. 4. Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, PO Box 8905 MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. 5. Department of Research and Development (AFFU), Department of Mental Health, NTNU, PO Box 3250 Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway; Division of Mental Health Care, St Olavs University Hospital, Østmarkveien 15, 7040, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aim is to compare anxiety levels among individuals experiencing different symptoms of insomnia. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT3 study, Norway). PARTICIPANTS: Of the 50,802 individuals taking part in the HUNT3 study, the current sample comprised 7933 individuals, including 4317 cases with insomnia and 3616 controls. MEASUREMENTS: Symptoms of anxiety were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, whereas insomnia symptoms were assessed according to the core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, nocturnal symptoms. Anxiety levels of the 4317 individuals reporting at least 1 insomnia symptom were compared with the 3616 controls reporting no symptoms. Level of anxiety among participants experiencing combinations of insomnia symptoms was also investigated. RESULTS: Anxiety levels were significantly higher in individuals reporting insomnia symptoms (M = 2.5, SD = 2.4) compared to controls (5.5, SD = 3.7, P < .001). Anxiety levels also differed significantly between different insomnia symptoms (P < .001). Participants reporting all 3 insomnia symptoms had the highest anxiety score (M = 6.8, SD = 4.3), followed in decreasing order by sleep onset insomnia with terminal insomnia (M = 6.7, SD = 4.0), sleep onset insomnia with sleep maintenance insomnia (M = 6.3, SD = 3.8), sleep onset insomnia only (M = 5.8, SD = 3.7), sleep maintenance insomnia with terminal insomnia (M = 5.6, SD = SD = 3.4), terminal insomnia (M = 5.2, SD = 3.4), and sleep maintenance insomnia only (M = 4.5, SD = 3). CONCLUSIONS: Difficulties initiating sleep, both alone and in combination with 1 or 2 of the other symptoms, seem to play a key role in rising anxiety levels.
OBJECTIVES: This study aim is to compare anxiety levels among individuals experiencing different symptoms of insomnia. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT3 study, Norway). PARTICIPANTS: Of the 50,802 individuals taking part in the HUNT3 study, the current sample comprised 7933 individuals, including 4317 cases with insomnia and 3616 controls. MEASUREMENTS: Symptoms of anxiety were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, whereas insomnia symptoms were assessed according to the core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, nocturnal symptoms. Anxiety levels of the 4317 individuals reporting at least 1 insomnia symptom were compared with the 3616 controls reporting no symptoms. Level of anxiety among participants experiencing combinations of insomnia symptoms was also investigated. RESULTS:Anxiety levels were significantly higher in individuals reporting insomnia symptoms (M = 2.5, SD = 2.4) compared to controls (5.5, SD = 3.7, P < .001). Anxiety levels also differed significantly between different insomnia symptoms (P < .001). Participants reporting all 3 insomnia symptoms had the highest anxiety score (M = 6.8, SD = 4.3), followed in decreasing order by sleep onset insomnia with terminal insomnia (M = 6.7, SD = 4.0), sleep onset insomnia with sleep maintenance insomnia (M = 6.3, SD = 3.8), sleep onset insomnia only (M = 5.8, SD = 3.7), sleep maintenance insomnia with terminal insomnia (M = 5.6, SD = SD = 3.4), terminal insomnia (M = 5.2, SD = 3.4), and sleep maintenance insomnia only (M = 4.5, SD = 3). CONCLUSIONS: Difficulties initiating sleep, both alone and in combination with 1 or 2 of the other symptoms, seem to play a key role in rising anxiety levels.
Authors: Mario J Valladares-Garrido; Luis E Zapata-Castro; Helena Domínguez-Troncos; Abigaíl García-Vicente; Darwin A León-Figueroa; J Pierre Zila-Velasque; Pamela Grados-Espinoza; David Astudillo-Rueda; C Ichiro Peralta; Cristian Díaz-Vélez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-08 Impact factor: 4.614