Gésine L Alders1, Andrew D Davis2, Glenda MacQueen3, Stephen C Strother4, Stefanie Hassel3, Mojdeh Zamyadi5, Gulshan B Sharma6, Stephen R Arnott5, Jonathan Downar7, Jacqueline K Harris8, Raymond W Lam9, Roumen Milev10, Daniel J Müller11, Arun Ravindran12, Sidney H Kennedy13, Benicio N Frey14, Luciano Minuzzi15, Geoffrey B Hall16. 1. Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 3. Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 4. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 7. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 9. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 10. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada. 11. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. 12. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. 13. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 14. Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 15. Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 16. Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Electronic address: hall@mcmaster.ca.
Abstract
METHODS: We studied 48 MDD and 30 HC who performed an emotional conflict task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. RESULTS: On the emotional conflict task, MDD and HC demonstrated a robust emotional Stroop effect in reaction time and accuracy. Overall, accuracy was lower in MDD compared to HC with no significant reaction time differences. The fMRI data indicated lower BOLD activation in MDD compared to HC on comparisons of all trials, congruent, incongruent, and incongruent > congruent trials in regions including right inferior temporal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and occipital fusiform gyrus. Behavioural and neuroimaging data indicated no group differences in fearful versus happy face processing. LIMITATIONS: Inclusion of a neutral condition may have provided a valuable contrast to how MDD and HC process stimuli without emotional valence compared to stimuli with a strong emotional valence. CONCLUSIONS: MDD and HC demonstrated a robust emotional Stroop effect. Compared to HC, MDD demonstrated an overall reduced accuracy on the emotional conflict task and reduced BOLD activity in regions important for face perception and emotion information processing, with no differences in responding to fearful versus happy faces. These findings provide support for the theory of emotion context insensitivity in individuals with depression.
METHODS: We studied 48 MDD and 30 HC who performed an emotional conflict task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. RESULTS: On the emotional conflict task, MDD and HC demonstrated a robust emotional Stroop effect in reaction time and accuracy. Overall, accuracy was lower in MDD compared to HC with no significant reaction time differences. The fMRI data indicated lower BOLD activation in MDD compared to HC on comparisons of all trials, congruent, incongruent, and incongruent > congruent trials in regions including right inferior temporal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and occipital fusiform gyrus. Behavioural and neuroimaging data indicated no group differences in fearful versus happy face processing. LIMITATIONS: Inclusion of a neutral condition may have provided a valuable contrast to how MDD and HC process stimuli without emotional valence compared to stimuli with a strong emotional valence. CONCLUSIONS:MDD and HC demonstrated a robust emotional Stroop effect. Compared to HC, MDD demonstrated an overall reduced accuracy on the emotional conflict task and reduced BOLD activity in regions important for face perception and emotion information processing, with no differences in responding to fearful versus happy faces. These findings provide support for the theory of emotion context insensitivity in individuals with depression.
Authors: Katharine Dunlop; Sakina J Rizvi; Sidney H Kennedy; Stefanie Hassel; Stephen C Strother; Jacqueline K Harris; Mojdeh Zamyadi; Stephen R Arnott; Andrew D Davis; Farrokh Mansouri; Laura Schulze; Amanda K Ceniti; Raymond W Lam; Roumen Milev; Susan Rotzinger; Jane A Foster; Benicio N Frey; Sagar V Parikh; Claudio N Soares; Rudolf Uher; Gustavo Turecki; Glenda M MacQueen; Jonathan Downar Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2020-07 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Lilian Konicar; Karin Prillinger; Manfred Klöbl; Rupert Lanzenberger; Andrea Antal; Paul L Plener Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-04-25 Impact factor: 5.435