Elena Lazzeri1,2,3, Alessandro Bozzao4,5, Maria Adriana Cataldo6,7, Nicola Petrosillo6,7, Luigi Manfrè4,8, Andrej Trampuz6,9, Alberto Signore10,11, Mario Muto12,13. 1. European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), Vienna, Austria. e_lazzeri@hotmail.com. 2. Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy. e_lazzeri@hotmail.com. 3. Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56123 Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Italy. e_lazzeri@hotmail.com. 4. European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), Leuven, Belgium. 5. Neuroradiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 6. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland. 7. National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. 8. Minimal Invasive Spine Therapy Department, Mediterranean Oncologic Institute (I.O.M.), Catania, Italy. 9. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Charitè", Berlin, Germany. 10. European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), Vienna, Austria. 11. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 12. Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56123 Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Italy. 13. Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis (SD) may be challenging due to the nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings and the need to perform various diagnostic tests including serologic, imaging, and microbiological examinations. Homogeneous management of SD diagnosis through international, multidisciplinary guidance would improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and lead to better patient outcome. METHODS: An expert specialist team, comprising nuclear medicine physicians appointed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), neuroradiologists appointed by the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), and infectious diseases specialists appointed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), reviewed the literature from January 2006 to December 2015 and proposed 20 consensus statements in answer to clinical questions regarding SD diagnosis. The statements were graded by level of evidence level according to the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria and included in this consensus document for the diagnosis of SD in adults. The consensus statements are the result of literature review according to PICO (P:population/patients, I:intervention/indicator, C:comparator/control, O:outcome) criteria. Evidence-based recommendations on the management of adult patients with SD, with particular attention to radiologic and nuclear medicine diagnosis, were proposed after a systematic review of the literature in the areas of nuclear medicine, radiology, infectious diseases, and microbiology. RESULTS: A diagnostic flow chart was developed based on the 20 consensus statements, scored by level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus document was developed with a final diagnostic flow chart for SD diagnosis as an aid for professionals in many fields, especially nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and orthopaedic and infectious diseases specialists.
PURPOSE: Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis (SD) may be challenging due to the nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings and the need to perform various diagnostic tests including serologic, imaging, and microbiological examinations. Homogeneous management of SD diagnosis through international, multidisciplinary guidance would improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and lead to better patient outcome. METHODS: An expert specialist team, comprising nuclear medicine physicians appointed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), neuroradiologists appointed by the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), and infectious diseases specialists appointed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), reviewed the literature from January 2006 to December 2015 and proposed 20 consensus statements in answer to clinical questions regarding SD diagnosis. The statements were graded by level of evidence level according to the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria and included in this consensus document for the diagnosis of SD in adults. The consensus statements are the result of literature review according to PICO (P:population/patients, I:intervention/indicator, C:comparator/control, O:outcome) criteria. Evidence-based recommendations on the management of adult patients with SD, with particular attention to radiologic and nuclear medicine diagnosis, were proposed after a systematic review of the literature in the areas of nuclear medicine, radiology, infectious diseases, and microbiology. RESULTS: A diagnostic flow chart was developed based on the 20 consensus statements, scored by level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus document was developed with a final diagnostic flow chart for SD diagnosis as an aid for professionals in many fields, especially nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and orthopaedic and infectious diseases specialists.
Authors: Connie Y Chang; F Joseph Simeone; Sandra B Nelson; Atul K Taneja; Ambrose J Huang Journal: AJR Am J Roentgenol Date: 2015-07 Impact factor: 3.959
Authors: Giorgio Treglia; Mariarosa Pascale; Elena Lazzeri; Wouter van der Bruggen; Roberto C Delgado Bolton; Andor W J M Glaudemans Journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging Date: 2019-11-15 Impact factor: 9.236
Authors: Sana Boudabbous; Emilie Nicodème Paulin; Bénédicte Marie Anne Delattre; Marion Hamard; Maria Isabel Vargas Journal: Insights Imaging Date: 2021-12-04