Alemnew F Dagnew1, Osman Ilhan2, Won-Sik Lee3, Dariusz Woszczyk4, Jae-Yong Kwak5, Stella Bowcock6, Sang Kyun Sohn7, Gabriela Rodriguez Macías8, Tzeon-Jye Chiou9, Dimas Quiel10, Mickael Aoun11, Maria Belen Navarro Matilla12, Javier de la Serna13, Samuel Milliken14, John Murphy15, Shelly A McNeil16, Bruno Salaun17, Emmanuel Di Paolo17, Laura Campora18, Marta López-Fauqued18, Mohamed El Idrissi17, Anne Schuind19, Thomas C Heineman20, Peter Van den Steen18, Lidia Oostvogels21. 1. GSK, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: alemnew.x.dagnew@gsk.com. 2. Department of Hematology, Ankara University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Department of Hemato-Oncology, Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea. 4. Department of Haematology, University of Opole, Provincial Hospital, Opole, Poland. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea. 6. Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. 8. Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. 9. Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 10. Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano Dr Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Panama City, Panama. 11. Infectious Diseases Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium. 12. Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. 13. Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. 14. Department of Haematology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincents Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. 15. Department of Haematology, University Hospital Monklands, NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, Scotland, UK. 16. Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. 17. GSK, Rixensart, Belgium. 18. GSK, Wavre, Belgium. 19. GSK, Rockville, MD, USA. 20. Halozyme Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA. 21. CureVac, Tübingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) can prevent herpes zoster in older adults and autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in adults with haematological malignancies receiving immunosuppressive cancer treatments. METHODS: In this phase 3, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study, done at 77 centres worldwide, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients with haematological malignancies aged 18 years and older to receive two doses of the adjuvantedrecombinant zoster vaccine or placebo1-2 months apart during or after immunosuppressive cancer treatments, and stratified participants according to their underlying diseases. The co-primary objectives of the study were the evaluation of safety and reactogenicity of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine compared with placebo from the first vaccination up to 30 days after last vaccination in all participants; evaluation of the proportion of participants with a vaccine response in terms of anti-glycoprotein E humoral immune response to the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine at month 2 in all participants, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; and evaluation of the anti-glycoprotein E humoral immune responses to the vaccine compared with placeboat month 2 in all participants, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. We assessed immunogenicity in the per-protocol cohort for immunogenicity and safety in the total vaccinated cohort. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01767467, and with the EU Clinical Trials Register, number 2012-003438-18. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2013, and Sept 10, 2015, we randomly assigned 286 participants to adjuvantedrecombinant zoster vaccine and 283 to placebo. 283 in the vaccine group and 279 in the placebo group were vaccinated. At month 2, 119 (80·4%, 95% CI 73·1-86·5) of 148 participants had a humoral vaccine response to adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, compared with one (0·8%, 0·0-4·2) of 130 participants in the placebo group, and the adjusted geometric mean anti-glycoprotein E antibody concentration was 23 132·9 mIU/mL (95% CI 16 642·8-32 153·9) in the vaccine group and 777·6 mIU/mL (702·8-860·3) in the placebo group (adjusted geometric mean ratio 29·75, 21·09-41·96; p<0·0001) in all patients, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses persisted above baseline until month 13 in all strata and, as expected, vaccine was more reactogenic than placebo (within 7 days after vaccination pain was reported by 221 [79·5%] of 278 vaccine group participants and 45 [16·4%] of 274 placebo group participants; fatigue was reported by 162 [58·3%] of 278 vaccine group participants and 102 [37·2%] of 274 placebo group participants). Incidences of unsolicited or serious adverse events, potential immune-mediated diseases, disease-related events, and fatal serious adverse events were similar between the groups. INTERPRETATION: The immunocompromised adult population with haematological malignancies is at high risk for herpes zoster. The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, which is currently licensed in certain countries for adults aged 50 years and older, is likely to benefit this population. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) can prevent herpes zoster in older adults and autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in adults with haematological malignancies receiving immunosuppressive cancer treatments. METHODS: In this phase 3, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study, done at 77 centres worldwide, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients with haematological malignancies aged 18 years and older to receive two doses of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine or placebo 1-2 months apart during or after immunosuppressive cancer treatments, and stratified participants according to their underlying diseases. The co-primary objectives of the study were the evaluation of safety and reactogenicity of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine compared with placebo from the first vaccination up to 30 days after last vaccination in all participants; evaluation of the proportion of participants with a vaccine response in terms of anti-glycoprotein E humoral immune response to the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine at month 2 in all participants, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; and evaluation of the anti-glycoprotein E humoral immune responses to the vaccine compared with placebo at month 2 in all participants, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. We assessed immunogenicity in the per-protocol cohort for immunogenicity and safety in the total vaccinated cohort. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01767467, and with the EU Clinical Trials Register, number 2012-003438-18. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2013, and Sept 10, 2015, we randomly assigned 286 participants to adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine and 283 to placebo. 283 in the vaccine group and 279 in the placebo group were vaccinated. At month 2, 119 (80·4%, 95% CI 73·1-86·5) of 148 participants had a humoral vaccine response to adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, compared with one (0·8%, 0·0-4·2) of 130 participants in the placebo group, and the adjusted geometric mean anti-glycoprotein E antibody concentration was 23 132·9 mIU/mL (95% CI 16 642·8-32 153·9) in the vaccine group and 777·6 mIU/mL (702·8-860·3) in the placebo group (adjusted geometric mean ratio 29·75, 21·09-41·96; p<0·0001) in all patients, excluding those with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses persisted above baseline until month 13 in all strata and, as expected, vaccine was more reactogenic than placebo (within 7 days after vaccination pain was reported by 221 [79·5%] of 278 vaccine group participants and 45 [16·4%] of 274 placebo group participants; fatigue was reported by 162 [58·3%] of 278 vaccine group participants and 102 [37·2%] of 274 placebo group participants). Incidences of unsolicited or serious adverse events, potential immune-mediated diseases, disease-related events, and fatal serious adverse events were similar between the groups. INTERPRETATION: The immunocompromised adult population with haematological malignancies is at high risk for herpes zoster. The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, which is currently licensed in certain countries for adults aged 50 years and older, is likely to benefit this population. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA.
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