F C Holdt1, R D Pitcher2. 1. Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: fcholdt@yahoo.com. 2. Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increasing global demand for specialized radiological investigations has resulted in delayed or non-reporting of plain trauma radiographs by radiologists. This is particularly true in resource-limited environments, where referring clinicians rely largely on their own radiographic interpretation. A wide accuracy range has been documented for non-radiologist reporting of conventional trauma radiographs. The Lodox Statscan whole-body digital X-ray machine is a relatively new technology that poses unique interpretive challenges. The fracture detection rate of trauma clinicians utilizing this modality has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: An audit of the polytrauma fracture detection rate of clinicians evaluating Lodox Statscan bodygrams in two South African public-sector Trauma Units. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of imaging data of Cape Town Level 1-equivalent public-sector Trauma Units during March-April 2015. Statscan bodygrams acquired for adult polytrauma triage were reviewed and correlated with follow-up imaging and patient records. Missed fractures were stratified by body part, mechanism of injury and ventilatory support. The fracture detection rate was determined with 95% confidence. The Generalised Fischer Exact Test assessed any association between the fracture site and failure of detection. Specialist orthopaedic review assessed the potential need for surgical management of missed fractures. RESULTS: 227 patients (male = 193, 85%; mean age: 33 years) were included; 195 fractures were demonstrated on the whole-body triage projections. Lower limb fractures predominated (n = 66, 34%). The fracture detection rate was 89% (95% CI = 86-93%), with the site of fracture associated with failure of detection (p = 0.01). Twelve of 21 undetected fractures (57%) involved the elbow or shoulder girdle. All elbow fractures (n = 3, 100%), more than half the shoulder girdle fractures (9/13,69%) and 12% (15/123) of extremity fractures were undetected. One missed fracture (1/21,4.7%) unequivocally required surgical management, while a further 7 (7/21, 33.3%) could potentially have benefitted from surgery, depending on follow-up imaging findings. CONCLUSION: This is the first analysis of the accuracy of bodygram polytrauma fracture detection by clinicians. Particular review of the shoulder girdle, elbow and extremities for subtle fractures, in addition to standardized limb positioning, are recommended for improved diagnostic accuracy in this setting. These findings can inform clinician training courses in this domain.
BACKGROUND: Increasing global demand for specialized radiological investigations has resulted in delayed or non-reporting of plain trauma radiographs by radiologists. This is particularly true in resource-limited environments, where referring clinicians rely largely on their own radiographic interpretation. A wide accuracy range has been documented for non-radiologist reporting of conventional trauma radiographs. The Lodox Statscan whole-body digital X-ray machine is a relatively new technology that poses unique interpretive challenges. The fracture detection rate of trauma clinicians utilizing this modality has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: An audit of the polytrauma fracture detection rate of clinicians evaluating Lodox Statscan bodygrams in two South African public-sector Trauma Units. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of imaging data of Cape Town Level 1-equivalent public-sector Trauma Units during March-April 2015. Statscan bodygrams acquired for adult polytrauma triage were reviewed and correlated with follow-up imaging and patient records. Missed fractures were stratified by body part, mechanism of injury and ventilatory support. The fracture detection rate was determined with 95% confidence. The Generalised Fischer Exact Test assessed any association between the fracture site and failure of detection. Specialist orthopaedic review assessed the potential need for surgical management of missed fractures. RESULTS: 227 patients (male = 193, 85%; mean age: 33 years) were included; 195 fractures were demonstrated on the whole-body triage projections. Lower limb fractures predominated (n = 66, 34%). The fracture detection rate was 89% (95% CI = 86-93%), with the site of fracture associated with failure of detection (p = 0.01). Twelve of 21 undetected fractures (57%) involved the elbow or shoulder girdle. All elbow fractures (n = 3, 100%), more than half the shoulder girdle fractures (9/13,69%) and 12% (15/123) of extremity fractures were undetected. One missed fracture (1/21,4.7%) unequivocally required surgical management, while a further 7 (7/21, 33.3%) could potentially have benefitted from surgery, depending on follow-up imaging findings. CONCLUSION: This is the first analysis of the accuracy of bodygram polytrauma fracture detection by clinicians. Particular review of the shoulder girdle, elbow and extremities for subtle fractures, in addition to standardized limb positioning, are recommended for improved diagnostic accuracy in this setting. These findings can inform clinician training courses in this domain.
Authors: Sonja Häckel; Elena Hofmann; Helen Anwander; Christoph E Albers; Jasmin Basedow; Sebastian F Bigdon; Aristomenis K Exadaktylos; Marius J B Keel; Robert N Dunn; Sithombo Maqungo; Lorin M Benneker; Michael Held; Sven Hoppe Journal: BMC Emerg Med Date: 2021-03-05