| Literature DB >> 31396675 |
Gunnar Lachmann1, Cornelia Knaak2, Paul La Rosée3, Claudia Spies2, Peter Nyvlt2, Christian Oberender4, Leif Erik Sander5, Norbert Suttorp5, Holger Müller-Redetzky5.
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic syndrome or macrophage activation syndrome within a pre-existing rheumatological disease, remains undiagnosed in over 70% of all cases in intensive care units (ICU) due to the sepsis-like clinical presentation. This report describes the case of a 30-year-old previously healthy male patient who was admitted to the normal infectiology ward of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin with unclear fever after a 3‑month journey around Asian and South America. The patient was transferred to the ICU after 3 days because of respiratory failure. Due to the immediate diagnostics of HLH and initiation of specific immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone, immunoglobulins and anakinra, the patient completely recovered and could finally be discharged after a 2‑week stay in hospital. Furthermore, the current diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed. Ferritin is a decisive diagnostic marker that should be determined in every patient with unclear organ failure.Entities:
Keywords: Ferritin; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; Hemophagocytic syndrome; Macrophage activation syndrome; Sepsis
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31396675 PMCID: PMC7079861 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-019-00634-3
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Anaesthesist ISSN: 0003-2417 Impact factor: 1.041

| Kh, Aufnahme | ITS, Aufnahme | ITS, Tag 2 | ITS, Tag 3 | ITS, Tag 4 | ITS, Tag 5 | ITS, Tag 6 | ITS, Entlassung | Kh, Entlassung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hämoglobin (g/dl) Ref: 13,5–17,0 | 16,1 | 12,2 | 12,6 | 11,9 | 9,8 | 9,2 | – | 10,4 | 13,6 |
Leukozyten (/nl) Ref: 3,9–10,5 | 2,68 | 2,82 | 4,97 | 5,91 | 11,6 | 11,9 | – | 11,2 | 9,46 |
Myelozyten (%) Ref: 0,0–0,0 | – | – | – | 1,9 | – | – | – | 1,0 | – |
Stabkernige (%) Ref: 0,5–10,0 | – | 32 | – | 8,5 | – | – | – | 2,1 | – |
Segmentkernige (%) Ref: 40,0–70,0 | – | 54 | – | 83,0 | – | – | – | 67,7 | – |
Lymphozyten (%) Ref: 20,0–44,0 | 10,8 | 6,0 | – | 1,9 | – | – | – | 15,6 | 31,8 |
Monozyten (%) Ref: 2,0–9,5 | 4,9 | 3,0 | – | 1,9 | – | – | – | 6,3 | 7,1 |
Eosinophile (%) Ref: 0,5–5,5 | 0,0 | 0,0 | – | 0,0 | – | – | – | 0,0 | 0,0 |
Basophile (%) Ref: 0,0–1,8 | 0,7 | 2,0 | – | 0,9 | – | – | – | 0,0 | 0,3 |
Thrombozyten (/nl) Ref: 150–370 | 64 | 49 | 53 | 90 | 157 | 254 | – | 443 | 394 |
ALAT (U/l) Ref: <41 | 82 | 152 | 243 | 263 | 227 | 224 | – | 220 | 200 |
ASAT (U/l) Ref: <05 | 128 | 232 | 389 | 380 | 241 | 185 | – | 117 | 84 |
Bilirubin (mg/dl) Ref: <1,2 | 1,7 | 2,06 | 2,71 | 1,78 | 1,11 | 0,89 | – | 0,91 | 1,00 |
Triglyzeride (mg/dl) Ref: <200 | – | – | 395 | 307 | 321 | 281 | – | 240 | – |
Kreatinin (mg/dl) Ref: 0,7–1,2 | 0,88 | 0,78 | 0,63 | 0,56 | 0,5 | 0,33 | – | 0,54 | 0,65 |
TPZ (%) Ref: 70–130 | 75 | 66 | 75 | 91 | 77 | 66 | – | 70 | 95 |
aPTT (s) Ref: 26,0–40,0 | 50,1 | 59,7 | 48,3 | 51,6 | 46,9 | 44,6 | – | 41,6 | 42,2 |
Fibrinogen (g/l) Ref: 1,6–4,0 | – | – | 1,32 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CRP (mg/l) Ref: <5,0 | 98,1 | 179,9 | 167,0 | 133 | 54,4 | 28,9 | – | 10,9 | 1,3 |
PCT (µg/l) Ref: <0,5 | – | – | 1,08 | 0,72 | 0,37 | 0,07 | – | – | – |
Ferritin (µg/l) Ref: 13,0–150,0 | – | – | 7692 | 7183 | 6057 | 4264 | – | 2736 | 2878 |
sIL-2R (U/ml) Ref: <710,0 | – | – | 9964 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max. Kerntemperatur (°C) | 36,5 | 37,8 | 39,0 | 37,2 | 36,9 | 37,0 | 36,4 | 36,4 | – |
pH Ref: 7,2–7,5 | – | 7,478 | 7,446 | 7,428 | 7,492 | 7,504 | – | – | – |
pO2 (mmHg) Ref: 60–300 | – | 53,6 | 65,3 | 87,7 | 110 | 99,1 | – | – | – |
pCO2 (mm Hg) Ref: 32–60 | – | 30,4 | 33,2 | 38,1 | 32,8 | 30,3 | – | – | – |
HCO3− (mmol/l) Ref: 15–30 | – | 22,3 | 22,5 | 24,7 | 24,9 | 23,6 | – | – | – |
sBE (mmol/l) Ref: −10 bis +10 | – | −0,8 | −1,0 | 0,8 | 1,8 | 0,8 | – | – | – |
O2Hb (%) Ref: >90 | – | 87,1 | 91,6 | 95,4 | 97,1 | 96,7 | – | – | – |
sO2 (%) Ref: >90 | – | 89,3 | 93,7 | 97,5 | 99,2 | 98,8 | – | – | – |
Hb (g/dl) Ref: 7,0–18,0 | – | 12,3 | 12,4 | 11,7 | 9,9 | 9,3 | – | – | – |
K (mmol/l) Ref: 3,0–6,0 | – | 4,0 | 3,8 | 4,1 | 3,8 | 3,9 | – | – | – |
Na (mmol/l) Ref: 130–160 | – | 119 | 123 | 130 | 134 | 134 | – | – | – |
Ca (mmol/l) Ref: 0,8–1,5 | – | 1,12 | 1,12 | 1,19 | 1,19 | 1,16 | – | – | – |
Cl (mmol/l) Ref: 90–130 | – | 96 | 97 | 102 | 104 | 107 | – | – | – |
Glucose (mg/dl) Ref: 70–150 | – | 92 | 103 | 139 | 135 | 158 | – | – | – |
Lactat (mg/dl) Ref: ≤20 | – | 11 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 14 | – | – | – |
| SOFA-Score | – | 8 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | – |
ALAT Alanin-Aminotransferase, APACHE2 Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 2, aPTT aktivierte partielle Thromboplastinzeit, ASAT Aspartat-Aminotransferase, CRP C-reaktives Protein, Hb Hämoglobin, PCT Prokalzitonin, sIL-2R löslicher Interleukin-2-Rezeptor, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, TPZ Thromboplastinzeit

| Fieber |
| Splenomegalie |
| Zytopenie in mind. 2 Zellreihen (Hb <9 g/dl, Thrombozyten <100/nl, neutrophile Granulozyten <1,0 /nl) |
| Hypertriglyzeridämie und/oder Hypofibrinogenämie (Triglyzeride [nüchtern] ≥3 mmol/l, Fibrinogen <1,5 g/l) |
| Ferritin ≥500 µg/l |
| sIL-2R ≥2400 U/ml |
| Erniedrigte NK-Zellaktivität |
| Hämophagozytose in Knochenmark, Leber, Milz oder Lymphknoten |
Hb Hämoglobin, sIL-2R löslicher Interleukin-2-Rezeptor, NK natürliche Killerzelle
