A sustainable ferromanganese biochar adsorbent for effective levofloxacin removal from aqueous medium.

This present study reported the synthesis and characterization of a low-cost, environment friendly and high efficient biochar, ferromanganese modified biochar (Fe/Mn-BC) for the removal of levofloxacin (LEV) from aqueous medium. Fe/Mn-BC was synthesized through the facile co-precipitation of Fe, Mn with vinasse wastes and then pyrolysis under controlled conditions. The characterization of Fe/MnBC was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction patterns (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman. Some influencing factors (e.g., pH, Fe/Mn-BC dosage, initial LEV concentration, ionic strength, contact time and temperature) were comprehensively investigated. The results manifested that the adsorption process of LEV onto Fe/Mn-BC was high pH dependence and the maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at pH 5. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of LEV was increased with increasing ionic strength. To gain a clearer perspective on the adsorption behavior of LEV onto Fe/Mn-BC, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also performed, revealing pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model had a better fitting effect. Reusability experiments indicated that Fe/Mn-BC could maintain a certain adsorption capacity for LEV after 5 recycles. Overall, this work showed that Fe/Mn-BC was an effective and promising adsorbent for eliminating LEV from aqueous medium.