Zohaib Akram1, Fawaz Alqahtani2, Mana Alqahtani3, Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif4, Fawad Javed5. 1. Department of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. 2. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabouk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4. Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than controls (systemically healthy individuals without CP. The aim was to assess the levels of AGEs in the GCF of CP patients with and without type-2 DM. METHODS: Participants were divided into three groups as follows. Group-1: Patients with type-2 DM and CP; group-2: Non-diabetic individuals with CP; group-3: Non-diabetic individuals without periodontal diseases. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Full-mouth plaque-index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and marginal-bone-loss (MBL) were assessed. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. The GCF was collected and levels of AGEs were assessed using standard techniques. Group comparisons were performed and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Ninety-four individuals (32, 31, and 31 individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were included. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in group-1 than groups 2 (P <0.05) and 3 (P <0.05). The mean age of individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 55.2, 51.5, and 50.7 years, respectively. The mean duration of type-2 DM among individuals in group-1 was 8.2 years (7 to 10 years). Levels of AGEs were detected in all the patients. The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group-1 (521.9 pg/mL [428.5 to 569.3 pg/mL]) (P <0.01) than groups 2 (234.84 pg/mL [216.8 to 318.9 pg/mL]) and 3 (87.2 pg/mL [75.2 to 97.8 pg/mL]). The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group-2 (P <0.01) than group-3 (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The GCF levels of AGEs are higher in CP patients with type-2 DM compared to systemically healthy individuals with and without periodontal diseases.
BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than controls (systemically healthy individuals without CP. The aim was to assess the levels of AGEs in the GCF of CP patients with and without type-2 DM. METHODS:Participants were divided into three groups as follows. Group-1: Patients with type-2 DM and CP; group-2: Non-diabetic individuals with CP; group-3: Non-diabetic individuals without periodontal diseases. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Full-mouth plaque-index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and marginal-bone-loss (MBL) were assessed. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. The GCF was collected and levels of AGEs were assessed using standard techniques. Group comparisons were performed and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Ninety-four individuals (32, 31, and 31 individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were included. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in group-1 than groups 2 (P <0.05) and 3 (P <0.05). The mean age of individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 55.2, 51.5, and 50.7 years, respectively. The mean duration of type-2 DM among individuals in group-1 was 8.2 years (7 to 10 years). Levels of AGEs were detected in all the patients. The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group-1 (521.9 pg/mL [428.5 to 569.3 pg/mL]) (P <0.01) than groups 2 (234.84 pg/mL [216.8 to 318.9 pg/mL]) and 3 (87.2 pg/mL [75.2 to 97.8 pg/mL]). The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group-2 (P <0.01) than group-3 (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The GCF levels of AGEs are higher in CP patients with type-2 DM compared to systemically healthy individuals with and without periodontal diseases.
Authors: Stefan Reichert; Britt Hofmann; Michael Kohnert; Alexander Navarrete Santos; Lisa Friebe; Julia Grollmitz; Hans-Günter Schaller; Susanne Schulz Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2022-07-15 Impact factor: 4.964