Jeffery Ho1, Sunny H Wong2, Vijaya C Doddangoudar3, Maureen V Boost4, Gary Tse2, Margaret Ip5. 1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: jeffho@cuhk.edu.hk. 2. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 3. Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, India. 4. School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. 5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous decades have witnessed a change in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. This study aimed to determine temporal trends in the incidence of C difficile infection across geographic regions. METHODS: An initial search of the relevant literature was conducted from date inception to October 2018 without language restriction. We estimated the pooled incidences using logit transformation, weighted by inverse variance. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program was used to explore its temporal trend. RESULTS: Globally, the estimated incidence of C difficile infection increased from 6.60 per 10,000 patient-days in 1997 to 13.8 per 10,000 patient-days in 2004. Thereafter, a significant downward trend was observed, at -8.75% annually until 2015. From 2005 to 2015, the incidences in most European countries decreased at a rate between 1.97% and 4.11% per annum, except in France, where an increasing incidence was observed (β = 0.16; P < .001). The incidences have stabilized in North America over the same period; however, in Asia, the incidence increased significantly from 2006 to 2014 (annualized percentage change = 14.4%; P < .001). The increase was greatest in Western Asian countries, including Turkey and Israel (β > 0.10; P < .004). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed rapid changes in the incidence of C difficile infection. This meta-analysis should inform the allocation of resources for controlling C difficile infection and future surveillance efforts in countries where epidemiologic information on C difficile infection remains sparse.
BACKGROUND: Previous decades have witnessed a change in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. This study aimed to determine temporal trends in the incidence of C difficile infection across geographic regions. METHODS: An initial search of the relevant literature was conducted from date inception to October 2018 without language restriction. We estimated the pooled incidences using logit transformation, weighted by inverse variance. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program was used to explore its temporal trend. RESULTS: Globally, the estimated incidence of C difficile infection increased from 6.60 per 10,000 patient-days in 1997 to 13.8 per 10,000 patient-days in 2004. Thereafter, a significant downward trend was observed, at -8.75% annually until 2015. From 2005 to 2015, the incidences in most European countries decreased at a rate between 1.97% and 4.11% per annum, except in France, where an increasing incidence was observed (β = 0.16; P < .001). The incidences have stabilized in North America over the same period; however, in Asia, the incidence increased significantly from 2006 to 2014 (annualized percentage change = 14.4%; P < .001). The increase was greatest in Western Asian countries, including Turkey and Israel (β > 0.10; P < .004). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed rapid changes in the incidence of C difficile infection. This meta-analysis should inform the allocation of resources for controlling C difficile infection and future surveillance efforts in countries where epidemiologic information on C difficile infection remains sparse.
Authors: Jordan W Paynter; B Gage Griswold; Pearce W Lane; Daniel W Paré; Rahil A Patel; Michael J Steflik; K Aaron Shaw Journal: J Orthop Date: 2021-11-09
Authors: Tim Du; Kelly B Choi; Anada Silva; George R Golding; Linda Pelude; Romeo Hizon; Ghada N Al-Rawahi; James Brooks; Blanda Chow; Jun C Collet; Jeannette L Comeau; Ian Davis; Gerald A Evans; Charles Frenette; Guanghong Han; Jennie Johnstone; Pamela Kibsey; Kevin C Katz; Joanne M Langley; Bonita E Lee; Yves Longtin; Dominik Mertz; Jessica Minion; Michelle Science; Jocelyn A Srigley; Paula Stagg; Kathryn N Suh; Nisha Thampi; Alice Wong; Susy S Hota Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2022-04-26 Impact factor: 16.126