Compartment syndromes and reperfusion injury.

Compartment syndrome has been defined as increased pressure within a limited space that compromises the blood supply and function of tissues within that space. The pressure rise is usually a result of increased interstitial fluid, although cell swelling may play a part. Most closed compartment syndromes can be detected by repeated clinical examination. Despite the extensive incisions and dissection required for adequate fasciotomy, if the nerves and muscles can be preserved, the limb will often be relatively normal.