Michelle Biggins1, Helen Purtill2, Peter Fowler3, Amy Bender4, Kieran O Sullivan5, Charles Samuels6, Roisin Cahalan7. 1. School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. Electronic address: Michelle.Biggins@ul.ie. 2. Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland. Electronic address: Helen.Purtill@ul.ie. 3. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: p2.fowler@qut.edu.au. 4. University of Calgary, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: sleep4sport@gmail.com. 5. School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sports Spine Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: Kieran.osullivan@ul.ie. 6. University of Calgary, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, AB, Canada; University of Calgary, Cummings School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: drsamuels@centreforsleep.com. 7. School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. Electronic address: Roisin.Cahalan@ul.ie.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of clinically relevant sleep problems in elite multi-sport athletes and their associations with sleep hygiene, general health, mood, chronotype, and injury. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: During the competitive season in athletes' home environment. PARTICIPANTS: Elite multi-sport Irish athletes (n = 58) competing at the 2017 World University Games. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Category of clinical sleep problem (Athlete-Sleep-Screening-Questionnaire), sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Index), general health (Subjective Health Complaints), mood (Sports Profile of Mood States), chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), and injury (self-reported injury). RESULTS: 43% had no clinical sleep problem, 41% had a mild clinical sleep problem, 16% had a moderate clinical sleep problem, none had a severe clinical sleep problem. Therefore, 84% of athletes did not have a clinically significant sleep problem while 16% had a clinically significant sleep problem. One-way-ANOVA revealed significantly worse sleep hygiene (p = 0.002), more general health complaints (p = 0.001) and greater mood disturbance (p = 0.001) among those with clinically significant sleep disturbances compared to those without. No association was found between having a clinically significant sleep problem and either chronotype or previous recent injury. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with a clinically significant sleep problem were more likely to report worse sleep hygiene, more general health complaints, and mood disturbance.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of clinically relevant sleep problems in elite multi-sport athletes and their associations with sleep hygiene, general health, mood, chronotype, and injury. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: During the competitive season in athletes' home environment. PARTICIPANTS: Elite multi-sport Irish athletes (n = 58) competing at the 2017 World University Games. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Category of clinical sleep problem (Athlete-Sleep-Screening-Questionnaire), sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Index), general health (Subjective Health Complaints), mood (Sports Profile of Mood States), chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), and injury (self-reported injury). RESULTS: 43% had no clinical sleep problem, 41% had a mild clinical sleep problem, 16% had a moderate clinical sleep problem, none had a severe clinical sleep problem. Therefore, 84% of athletes did not have a clinically significant sleep problem while 16% had a clinically significant sleep problem. One-way-ANOVA revealed significantly worse sleep hygiene (p = 0.002), more general health complaints (p = 0.001) and greater mood disturbance (p = 0.001) among those with clinically significant sleep disturbances compared to those without. No association was found between having a clinically significant sleep problem and either chronotype or previous recent injury. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with a clinically significant sleep problem were more likely to report worse sleep hygiene, more general health complaints, and mood disturbance.
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