Shiv Pillai1. 1. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune fibrotic diseases. These diseases include IgG4-related disease, systemic sclerosis and lupus nephritis. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies indicate that a poorly studied subset of helper T cells, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and sub-populations of disease-specific activated B cells infiltrate inflamed tissues and collaborate to induce tissue fibrosis in autoimmune fibrotic diseases. Cycles of apoptosis induced by antigen-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells followed by macrophage-mediated clearing of apoptotic cells and finally tissue remodeling driven by cytokines released by these auto-antigen-specific activated T and B cells may contribute to the activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and the laying down of collagen. In scleroderma, this process likely involves the apoptosis of endothelial cells and other neighboring cells and the subsequent remodeling of the tissue. SUMMARY: Self-reactive cytotoxic CD4+ T cells infiltrate tissues where they may be nurtured by activated auto-reactive B cells, induce apoptosis, secrete cytokines and thus drive autoimmune fibrosis.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune fibrotic diseases. These diseases include IgG4-related disease, systemic sclerosis and lupus nephritis. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies indicate that a poorly studied subset of helper T cells, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and sub-populations of disease-specific activated B cells infiltrate inflamed tissues and collaborate to induce tissue fibrosis in autoimmune fibrotic diseases. Cycles of apoptosis induced by antigen-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells followed by macrophage-mediated clearing of apoptotic cells and finally tissue remodeling driven by cytokines released by these auto-antigen-specific activated T and B cells may contribute to the activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and the laying down of collagen. In scleroderma, this process likely involves the apoptosis of endothelial cells and other neighboring cells and the subsequent remodeling of the tissue. SUMMARY: Self-reactive cytotoxic CD4+ T cells infiltrate tissues where they may be nurtured by activated auto-reactive B cells, induce apoptosis, secrete cytokines and thus drive autoimmune fibrosis.
Authors: Hugues Allard-Chamard; Faisal Alsufyani; Naoki Kaneko; Kelly Xing; Cory Perugino; Vinay S Mahajan; Joseph L Wheat; George S Deepe; James Loyd; Shiv Pillai Journal: J Immunol Date: 2020-12-16 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Marta Colletti; Angela Galardi; Maria De Santis; Giacomo Maria Guidelli; Angela Di Giannatale; Luigi Di Luigi; Cristina Antinozzi Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2019-09-04 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Damian R Plichta; Juhi Somani; Matthieu Pichaud; Zachary S Wallace; Ana D Fernandes; Cory A Perugino; Harri Lähdesmäki; John H Stone; Hera Vlamakis; Daniel C Chung; Dinesh Khanna; Shiv Pillai; Ramnik J Xavier Journal: Genome Med Date: 2021-02-28 Impact factor: 11.117