Naomi T Jessurun1,2, Marjolein Drent2,3,4, Eugène P van Puijenbroek1,5, Otto Bekers2,6, Petal A Wijnen2,6, Aalt Bast2,3,7. 1. Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. 2. ILD Care Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 4. ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. 5. Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 7. Venlo Campus, Maastricht University, Venlo, The Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is challenging and mainly made by exclusion of other possible causes. Toxicity can occur as a cause of drug(s) or drug-drug interactions. In this review, we summarize the possible role of pharmacogenetics of metabolizing enzymes in DI-ILD. RECENT FINDINGS: Knowledge of the genetic predispositions of enzymes involved in drug metabolization and their relation with proposed cytotoxic mechanisms of DI-ILD, in particular direct cell toxicity and free oxygen radical production is increasing. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family and other enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of all sorts of ingested, injected, or inhaled xenobiotic substances. The liver is the major site for metabolism. Metabolic cytotoxic mechanisms have however also been detected in lung tissue. Polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes that influence metabolic activity may lead to localized (toxic) reactions and tissue damage. This knowledge may be helpful in preventing the risk of DI-ILD. SUMMARY: Drug toxicity can be the consequence of absence or very poor enzyme activity, especially if no other metabolic route is available. In the case of reduced enzyme activity, it is recommended to reduce the dose or to prescribe an alternative drug, which is metabolized by a different, unaffected enzyme system to prevent toxic side effects. However, enhanced enzyme activity may lead to excessive formation of toxic and sometimes reactive metabolites. Therefore, knowing a patient's drug-metabolizing profile before drug prescription is a promising way to prevent or explain DI-ILD.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is challenging and mainly made by exclusion of other possible causes. Toxicity can occur as a cause of drug(s) or drug-drug interactions. In this review, we summarize the possible role of pharmacogenetics of metabolizing enzymes in DI-ILD. RECENT FINDINGS: Knowledge of the genetic predispositions of enzymes involved in drug metabolization and their relation with proposed cytotoxic mechanisms of DI-ILD, in particular direct cell toxicity and free oxygen radical production is increasing. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family and other enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of all sorts of ingested, injected, or inhaled xenobiotic substances. The liver is the major site for metabolism. Metabolic cytotoxic mechanisms have however also been detected in lung tissue. Polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes that influence metabolic activity may lead to localized (toxic) reactions and tissue damage. This knowledge may be helpful in preventing the risk of DI-ILD. SUMMARY:Drug toxicity can be the consequence of absence or very poor enzyme activity, especially if no other metabolic route is available. In the case of reduced enzyme activity, it is recommended to reduce the dose or to prescribe an alternative drug, which is metabolized by a different, unaffected enzyme system to prevent toxic side effects. However, enhanced enzyme activity may lead to excessive formation of toxic and sometimes reactive metabolites. Therefore, knowing a patient's drug-metabolizing profile before drug prescription is a promising way to prevent or explain DI-ILD.
Authors: Naomi T Jessurun; Petal A Wijnen; Aalt Bast; Eugène P van Puijenbroek; Otto Bekers; Marjolein Drent Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-04-16 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Naomi T Jessurun; Marjolein Drent; Petal A Wijnen; Ankie M Harmsze; Eugène P van Puijenbroek; Otto Bekers; Aalt Bast Journal: Drug Saf Date: 2021-10-04 Impact factor: 5.606