| Literature DB >> 31363262 |
Daniel Gonçalves Machado1, Elaine da Silva Gondim1, José Carlos Cohen1, Luiz Eduardo Cardoso Amorim1.
Abstract
Objective To determine if the sesamoids migrate laterally in the feet with hallux valgus or if they only appear to move, maintaining their relationship with the other forefoot structures. Methods Anteroposterior radiographs of 80 patients (94 feet, all weight-bearing), from the period between 2015 and 2016, were evaluated. Forty-eight had a valgus hallux angle greater than 15° (hallux valgus group) and 46 presented a hallux valgus angle lower than 15° (control group). The distances from the first metatarsus head and the lateral sesamoid bone to the second metatarsus axis were measured. Subsequently, the coefficients of these distances were determined by the length of the second metatarsus to adjust it for different foot sizes. Results Both the absolute and the relative measures from the first metatarsus head to the second metatarsus axis were significantly different between the groups, with a positive correlation with hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles. However, neither the absolute nor the relative distance of the lateral sesamoid bone to the second metatarsus was different between the groups, as they did not correlate with hallux valgus or intermetatarsal angles. Conclusion Despite the medial deviation of the first metatarsus in hallux valgus, the sesamoid bone maintains its relationship with the second metatarsus in the transverse plane. This apparent lateral displacement may lead to misinterpretation of these radiographs. This fact is of paramount importance in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative period of patients with hallux valgus.Entities:
Keywords: hallux valgus; metatarsal bones; radiography; statistical analysis
Year: 2019 PMID: 31363262 PMCID: PMC6529318 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbo.2017.12.018
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Measurements of the sesamoid relations to foot bones. Line A – axis of the proximal phalanx; Line B – length of the second metatarsus; Line C – distance between the head of the first metatarsus and the axis of the second metatarsus; Line D – distance between the center of the lateral sesamoid bone and the axis of the second metatarsus; Line E – axis of the first metatarsus; Line F – axis of the second metatarsus. The hallux valgus angle is formed by lines A and E, and the intermetatarsal angle is formed by lines E and F.
Reliability of interobserver measurements at lateral sesamoid bone position in hallux valgus
| Measurements | Interobserver correlation (Hallux valgus) | Interobserver correlation (Normal foot) |
|---|---|---|
| Hallux valgus angle | 0.723 | 0.244 |
| Intermetatarsal angle | 0.987 | 0.795 |
|
Position of the lateral sesamoid bone (PSM)
| 0.269 | 0.511 |
|
Position of the head of the first metatarsus (PMM)
| 0.683 | 0.862 |
| Length of the second metatarsus | 0.472 | 0.381 |
Distance between the center of the lateral sesamoid bone and the axis of the second metatarsus.
Distance between the center of the head of the first metatarsal bone and the axis of the second metatarsus.
Measurements in hallux valgus feet and normal (control) feet
| Measurements |
Hallux valgus group (
|
Control group (
|
|---|---|---|
| HVA (o) | 30.5 (15–54.65) | 8.1 (5.5–15) |
| IMA (o) | 13.5 (6.25–18.3) | 11 (3.75–14.85) |
| PLS (mm) | 15.25 (13.25–24.2) | 14.1 (13.45–20.45) |
| PHM (mm) | 25.4 (20.8–38.9) | 20.5 (18.3–29.55) |
| LM (mm) | 74.5 (61–89.5) | 72.75 (64.5–88.15) |
| LSDC | 0.219 (0.17–0.273) | 0.216 (0.181–0.295) |
| MDC | 0.375 (0.299–0.478) | 0.331 (0.269–0.402) |
Abbreviations: HVA, hallux valgus angle; IMA, intermetatarsal angle; LM, length of the second metatarsus; LSDC, lateral sesamoid bone deviation coefficient (PSM/CM); MDC, first metatarsus deviation coefficient (PMM/CM); PHM, position of the head of the first metatarsus; PLS, position of the lateral sesamoid bone.
Fig. 1Medições das relações dos sesamoides com os ossos do pé. Linha A – eixo da falange proximal; Linha B – comprimento do segundo metatarso; Linha C – distância entre a cabeça do primeiro metatarso e o eixo do segundo metatarso; Linha D – distância entre o centro do sesamoide lateral e o eixo do segundo metatarso; Linha E – eixo do primeiro metatarso; Linha F – eixo do segundo metatarso. O ângulo de hálux valgo é formado pelas linhas A e E, e o ângulo intermetatarsal é formado pelas linhas E e F.
Confiabilidade das medições interobservadores na posição do sesamoide lateral no hálux algo
| Medições | Correlação interobservador (Hálux valgo) | Correlação interobservador (Pé normal) |
|---|---|---|
| Ângulo de hálux valgo | 0,723 | 0,244 |
| Ângulo intermetatarsal | 0,987 | 0,795 |
|
Posição do sesamoide lateral (PSM)
| 0,269 | 0,511 |
|
Posição da cabeça do 1∘ metatarso (PMM)
| 0,683 | 0,862 |
| Comprimento do segundo metatarso | 0,472 | 0,381 |
Distância entre o centro do sesamoide lateral e o eixo do segundo metatarso.
Distância entre o centro da cabeça do primeiro metatarso e o eixo do segundo metatarso.
Medições nos pés com hálux valgo e nos pés normais (controle)
| Medições | Grupo hálux valgo (n = 48) | Grupo controle (n = 46) |
|---|---|---|
| AHV (o) | 30,5 (15 a 54,65) | 8,1 (5,5 a 15) |
| AIM (o) | 13,5 (6,25 a 18,3) | 11 (3,75 a 14,85) |
| PSM (mm) | 15,25 (13,25 a 24,2) | 14,1 (13,45 a 20,45) |
| PMM (mm) | 25,4 (20,8 a 38,9) | 20,5 (18,3 a 29,55) |
| CM (mm) | 74,5 (61 a 89,5) | 72,75 (64,5 a 88,15) |
| CDSL | 0,219 (0,17 a 0,273) | 0,216 (0,181 a 0,295) |
| CDM | 0,375 (0,299 a 0,478) | 0,331 (0,269 a 0,402) |
Abreviações: AHV, ângulo de hálux valgo; AIM, ângulo intermetatarsal; CDM, coeficiente do primeiro metatarso (PMM/CM); CDSL, coeficiente de desvio do sesamóide lateral (PSM/CM); CM, comprimento do segundo metatarso; PMM, posição da cabeça do primeiro metatarso; PSM, posição do sesamóide lateral.