Dorota L Stankowska1,2, Adnan Dibas1,2, Linya Li3, Wei Zhang1,2, Vignesh R Krishnamoorthy1,2, Sai H Chavala1,2, Tam Phung Nguyen4, Thomas Yorio1,2, Dorette Z Ellis2,3, Suchismita Acharya1,2. 1. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States. 2. North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States. 3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States. 4. Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States.
Abstract
Purpose: Determine the toxicity, bioavailability in the retina, and neuroprotective effects of a hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxide donor compound SA-2 against oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in neurodegenerative animal models. Methods: Optic nerve crush (ONC) and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury models were used in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice to mimic conditions of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Mice were treated intravitreally with either vehicle or SA-2. Retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The electroretinogram and pattern ERG (PERG) were used to assess retinal function. RGC survival was determined by counting RBPMS-positive RGCs and immunohistochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels was carried out in the retina sections. Concentrations of SA-2 in the retina and choroid were determined using HPLC and MS. In addition, the direct effect of SA-2 treatment on RGC survival was assessed in ex vivo rat retinal explants under hypoxic (0.5% O2) conditions. Results: Compound SA-2 did not induce any appreciable change in retinal thickness, or in a- or b-wave amplitude in naive animals. SA-2 was found to be bioavailable in both the retina and choroid after a single intravitreal injection (2% wt/vol). An increase in SOD1 levels in the retina of mice subjected to ONC and SA-2 treatment, suggests an enhancement in antioxidant activity. SA-2 provided significant (P < 0.05) RGC protection in all three of the tested RGC injury models in rodents. PERG amplitudes were significantly higher in both I/R and ONC mouse eyes following SA-2 treatment (P ≤ 0.001) in comparison with the vehicle and control groups. Conclusions: Compound SA-2 was effective in preventing RGC death and loss of function in three different rodent models of acute RGC injury: ONC, I/R, and hypoxia.
Purpose: Determine the toxicity, bioavailability in the retina, and neuroprotective effects of a hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxidedonor compound SA-2 against oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in neurodegenerative animal models. Methods: Optic nerve crush (ONC) and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury models were used in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice to mimic conditions of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Mice were treated intravitreally with either vehicle or SA-2. Retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The electroretinogram and pattern ERG (PERG) were used to assess retinal function. RGC survival was determined by counting RBPMS-positive RGCs and immunohistochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels was carried out in the retina sections. Concentrations of SA-2 in the retina and choroid were determined using HPLC and MS. In addition, the direct effect of SA-2 treatment on RGC survival was assessed in ex vivo rat retinal explants under hypoxic (0.5% O2) conditions. Results: Compound SA-2 did not induce any appreciable change in retinal thickness, or in a- or b-wave amplitude in naive animals. SA-2 was found to be bioavailable in both the retina and choroid after a single intravitreal injection (2% wt/vol). An increase in SOD1 levels in the retina of mice subjected to ONC and SA-2 treatment, suggests an enhancement in antioxidant activity. SA-2 provided significant (P < 0.05) RGC protection in all three of the tested RGC injury models in rodents. PERG amplitudes were significantly higher in both I/R and ONC mouse eyes following SA-2 treatment (P ≤ 0.001) in comparison with the vehicle and control groups. Conclusions: Compound SA-2 was effective in preventing RGC death and loss of function in three different rodent models of acute RGC injury: ONC, I/R, and hypoxia.
Authors: Dorota L Stankowska; J Cameron Millar; Bindu Kodati; Sumita Behera; Renuka M Chaphalkar; Tam Nguyen; Kytai T Nguyen; Raghu R Krishnamoorthy; Dorette Z Ellis; Suchismita Acharya Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2021-01-16 Impact factor: 2.367
Authors: Mi Sun Sung; Myeong Ju Moon; Reju George Thomas; So Young Kim; Jun Sung Lee; Yong Yeon Jeong; In-Kyu Park; Sang Woo Park Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-12-06 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Charles E Amankwa; Sudershan R Gondi; Adnan Dibas; Courtney Weston; Arlene Funk; Tam Nguyen; Kytai T Nguyen; Dorette Z Ellis; Suchismita Acharya Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2021-04-08
Authors: Adam Hedberg-Buenz; Kacie J Meyer; Carly J van der Heide; Wenxiang Deng; Kyungmoo Lee; Dana A Soukup; Monica Kettelson; Danielle Pellack; Hannah Mercer; Kai Wang; Mona K Garvin; Michael D Abramoff; Michael G Anderson Journal: Transl Vis Sci Technol Date: 2022-09-01 Impact factor: 3.048