Yuan Liu1,2, Tianfei Lu1,2, Cheng Zhang1,3, Zhengze Xue1,3, Jin Xu1,4, Ronald W Busuttil1, Qiang Xia2, Ning Xu2, Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski1, Haofeng Ji1. 1. Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. 2. Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 3. Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 4. Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication in liver transplantation, hepatectomy, and hemorrhagic shock. As neuropeptides transmit the regulatory signal between nervous and immune systems communication, our previous study documented that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAP) depressed hepatic Toll-like receptor 4 immune response in liver IRI. METHODS: Here, we focused on how PACAP suppressed hepatocellular damage and enhanced hepatocyte regeneration in a murine model of partial liver warm IRI. RESULTS: Yes-associated protein (YAP), a cellular modulator of tissue regeneration, was readily induced in wild type (WT) mouse IR-livers. As its induction was failed in PACAP-deficient livers, PACAP supplement enhanced YAP expression in WT mouse and promoted its nuclear translocation and downstream antioxidative/regenerative genes expression both in vivo and in vitro. Further, verteporfin, a YAP transcriptional inhibitor, abolished PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection significantly. Meanwhile, blockade of protein kinase A (PKA)-CRE-binding protein (CREB) signaling recreated liver damage in PACAP-protected liver as well as impeded stimulation on YAP and its downstream gene expressions. Consistently, inhibition of PKA-CREB decreased PACAP-promoted YAP expression in primary hepatocytes culture, and made them vulnerable to H2O2 stress in vitro. In addition, lysophosphatidic acid, another Hippo pathway inhibitor, failed to affect PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection or hepatocellular YAP induction. This implies that PACAP regulated YAP through PKA-CREB pathway at the transcriptional level rather than canonical hippo pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study discovered the neural modulation of PACAP-YAP axis in hepatic cytoprotection and homeostasis in liver IRI. These reveal a novel insight of neuropeptide PACAP in combating liver IRI in clinical patients.
BACKGROUND:Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication in liver transplantation, hepatectomy, and hemorrhagic shock. As neuropeptides transmit the regulatory signal between nervous and immune systems communication, our previous study documented that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAP) depressed hepatic Toll-like receptor 4 immune response in liver IRI. METHODS: Here, we focused on how PACAP suppressed hepatocellular damage and enhanced hepatocyte regeneration in a murine model of partial liver warm IRI. RESULTS:Yes-associated protein (YAP), a cellular modulator of tissue regeneration, was readily induced in wild type (WT) mouse IR-livers. As its induction was failed in PACAP-deficient livers, PACAP supplement enhanced YAP expression in WT mouse and promoted its nuclear translocation and downstream antioxidative/regenerative genes expression both in vivo and in vitro. Further, verteporfin, a YAP transcriptional inhibitor, abolished PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection significantly. Meanwhile, blockade of protein kinase A (PKA)-CRE-binding protein (CREB) signaling recreated liver damage in PACAP-protected liver as well as impeded stimulation on YAP and its downstream gene expressions. Consistently, inhibition of PKA-CREB decreased PACAP-promoted YAP expression in primary hepatocytes culture, and made them vulnerable to H2O2 stress in vitro. In addition, lysophosphatidic acid, another Hippo pathway inhibitor, failed to affect PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection or hepatocellular YAP induction. This implies that PACAP regulated YAP through PKA-CREB pathway at the transcriptional level rather than canonical hippo pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study discovered the neural modulation of PACAP-YAP axis in hepatic cytoprotection and homeostasis in liver IRI. These reveal a novel insight of neuropeptide PACAP in combating liver IRI in clinical patients.
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