Stoichiometry of Heavy Metal Binding to Peptides Involved in Alzheimer's Disease: Mass Spectrometric Evidence.

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique becoming increasingly important in different biomedical research area. Mass spectrometric based methods were developed and applied to detect and identify multiple metal ion complexes of peptides and proteins with high sensitivity and high mass accuracy. Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is one of the main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and some metal ions seem to play a key role in AD pathogenesis. Consequently, mass spectrometry was used to investigate heavy metal binding to AD-related peptides. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to review the methodology and application of identifying coordination chemistry and binding properties of several metal ion-binding sites to synthetic β-amyloid (Aβ) and anti-amyloid model peptides. The selective metal-amyloid-β peptide interaction studies using (a) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI); (b) Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and (c) Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MSn) will be reported.