Marcos de Abreu Almeida1, Fernando Almeida-Silva1, Allan Jefferson Guimarães2, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes1, Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira3. 1. Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. 3. Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: rosely.zancope@ini.fiocruz.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a systemic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Diagnosis is often delayed, or it is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In Brazil, the infection is common and cases of histoplasmosis have been described in all regions of the country; however, the real problem is underestimated since notification of histoplasmosis is not mandatory. METHODS: Human histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2018 were identified through a search conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, the isolation of H. capsulatum from animals or environmental sources in Brazil was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 207 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were evaluated, involving a total of 3530 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis during the period studied. Of these patients, 78.3% were male, giving a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1. Histoplasmosis presented a higher frequency in individuals between the fourth and fifth decades of life. Disseminated disease was the most common form of histoplasmosis. Isolation of H. capsulatum on culture media and histopathology using staining methods were the diagnostic methods with the best efficiency. The best results in the identification of the H. capsulatum were achieved for samples from mononuclear phagocyte system components, skin and mucosa, and hematological samples. Regarding predisposing factors for histoplasmosis, HIV infection was the most common underlying condition. The overall mortality rate was 33.1%. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first available systematic review demonstrating Brazilian cases of histoplasmosis in the literature and highlights that the disease is more widespread in the Brazilian territory than has previously been thought.
BACKGROUND:Histoplasmosis is a systemic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Diagnosis is often delayed, or it is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In Brazil, the infection is common and cases of histoplasmosis have been described in all regions of the country; however, the real problem is underestimated since notification of histoplasmosis is not mandatory. METHODS:Humanhistoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2018 were identified through a search conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, the isolation of H. capsulatum from animals or environmental sources in Brazil was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 207 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were evaluated, involving a total of 3530 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis during the period studied. Of these patients, 78.3% were male, giving a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1. Histoplasmosis presented a higher frequency in individuals between the fourth and fifth decades of life. Disseminated disease was the most common form of histoplasmosis. Isolation of H. capsulatum on culture media and histopathology using staining methods were the diagnostic methods with the best efficiency. The best results in the identification of the H. capsulatum were achieved for samples from mononuclear phagocyte system components, skin and mucosa, and hematological samples. Regarding predisposing factors for histoplasmosis, HIV infection was the most common underlying condition. The overall mortality rate was 33.1%. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first available systematic review demonstrating Brazilian cases of histoplasmosis in the literature and highlights that the disease is more widespread in the Brazilian territory than has previously been thought.
Authors: Priscila Marques de Macedo; Andrea D'Ávila Freitas; Thiago Prudente Bártholo; Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann; Marcos de Abreu Almeida; Fernando Almeida-Silva; Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira; Rodrigo Almeida-Paes Journal: J Fungi (Basel) Date: 2021-04-28
Authors: Rossana Patricia Basso; Vanice Rodrigues Poester; Jussara Maria Silveira; Roseli Stone Vieira; Luisa Dias da Mota; Gabriel Baracy Klafke; Jéssica Nunes Müller; Crislaine Padilha Penna; Júlia Silveira Vianna; Caroline Busatto; Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva; Ivy Bastos Ramis; David A Stevens; Melissa Orzechowski Xavier Journal: Med Mycol Case Rep Date: 2020-04-06
Authors: Giulia Maria Pires Dos Santos; Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso Dos Santos; Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto; Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro; Andréa Regina de Souza Baptista; Elisabeth Martins da Silva da Rocha; Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado; Eliana Barreto-Bergter; Marcia Ribeiro Pinto Journal: Braz J Microbiol Date: 2021-02-20 Impact factor: 2.476