Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin1, Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro2, Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez3, Andressa Lorena Ieque2, Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli4, Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira4, Aryadne Larissa de Almeida4, José Eduardo Gonçalves5, Diógenes Aparício Garcia Cortez3, Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso6. 1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: vanessapbaldin@gmail.com. 2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. 3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. 4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. 5. Instituto Cesumar de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação - ICETI, Av. Guedner, 1610, 87050-390, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. 6. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and the property of GEO and related fractions against Mtb and NTM, as well as their cytotoxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionation was performed. Chemical characterization of GEO and fractions were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and broth microdilution method for Mtb and NTM, respectively. The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS: The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to >250 μg/mL against Mtb and from 15.6 to >250 μg/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing γ-eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC50 63.3 μg/mL, and 36.3-312.5 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In general, GEO showed a mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and a better antimycobacterial activity than the semi-pure fractions. Cytotoxic effects of GEO and its fractions should be better investigated.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and the property of GEO and related fractions against Mtb and NTM, as well as their cytotoxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionation was performed. Chemical characterization of GEO and fractions were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and broth microdilution method for Mtb and NTM, respectively. The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS: The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to >250 μg/mL against Mtb and from 15.6 to >250 μg/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing γ-eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC50 63.3 μg/mL, and 36.3-312.5 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In general, GEO showed a mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and a better antimycobacterial activity than the semi-pure fractions. Cytotoxic effects of GEO and its fractions should be better investigated.