Stephanie Deighton1, Christianne Laliberté Durish1, H Gerry Taylor2, Kenneth Rubin3, Maureen Dennis4, Erin D Bigler5, Kathryn Vannatta2, Cynthia A Gerhardt2, Terry Stancin6, Keith Owen Yeates1,7. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 2. Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, The Ohio State University, and Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. 3. Department of Human Development & Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. 4. Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. 7. Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in childhood is associated with poor social outcomes. This study investigated the role of theory of mind (ToM) as a mediator of the relation between TBI and peer rejection/victimization and reciprocated friendships, as well as the moderating effect of parental nurturance on those relationships. METHOD: Participants were children of 8-13 years old (M = 10.45, SD = 1.47), including 13 with severe TBI, 39 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 children with orthopedic injuries. Data on peer rejection/victimization and friendship were collected in school classrooms using the Extended Class Play and friendship nominations. Parents rated parental nurturance using the Child-Rearing Practices Report. Finally, ToM was measured based on children's average performance across three tasks measuring different aspects of ToM. RESULTS: Severe TBI was associated with poorer ToM, greater peer rejection/victimization, and fewer reciprocated friendships. ToM mediated the relation between severe TBI and peer rejection/victimization (i.e., severe TBI predicted poorer ToM, which in turn predicted greater rejection/victimization). Parental nurturance significantly moderated this relation, such that the mediating effect of ToM was significant only at low and average levels of parental nurturance, for both severe and complicated mild/moderate TBI groups. Neither the mediating effect of ToM nor the moderating effect of parental nurturance was significant for reciprocated friendships. CONCLUSION: High parental nurturance may mitigate the negative effects of ToM deficits on risk of peer rejection/victimization among children with TBI. Interventions designed to increase parental nurturance or ToM may promote better social outcomes among children with TBI.
OBJECTIVE:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in childhood is associated with poor social outcomes. This study investigated the role of theory of mind (ToM) as a mediator of the relation between TBI and peer rejection/victimization and reciprocated friendships, as well as the moderating effect of parental nurturance on those relationships. METHOD:Participants were children of 8-13 years old (M = 10.45, SD = 1.47), including 13 with severe TBI, 39 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 children with orthopedic injuries. Data on peer rejection/victimization and friendship were collected in school classrooms using the Extended Class Play and friendship nominations. Parents rated parental nurturance using the Child-Rearing Practices Report. Finally, ToM was measured based on children's average performance across three tasks measuring different aspects of ToM. RESULTS: Severe TBI was associated with poorer ToM, greater peer rejection/victimization, and fewer reciprocated friendships. ToM mediated the relation between severe TBI and peer rejection/victimization (i.e., severe TBI predicted poorer ToM, which in turn predicted greater rejection/victimization). Parental nurturance significantly moderated this relation, such that the mediating effect of ToM was significant only at low and average levels of parental nurturance, for both severe and complicated mild/moderate TBI groups. Neither the mediating effect of ToM nor the moderating effect of parental nurturance was significant for reciprocated friendships. CONCLUSION: High parental nurturance may mitigate the negative effects of ToM deficits on risk of peer rejection/victimization among children with TBI. Interventions designed to increase parental nurturance or ToM may promote better social outcomes among children with TBI.
Entities:
Keywords:
Parenting; Pediatrics; Peer rejection/victimization; Reciprocated friendships; Social outcomes; Theory of mind; Traumatic brain injury
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Authors: Keith Owen Yeates; Cynthia A Gerhardt; Erin D Bigler; Tracy Abildskov; Maureen Dennis; Kenneth H Rubin; Terry Stancin; H Gerry Taylor; Kathryn Vannatta Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2013-01-23 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Keith Owen Yeates; Erin D Bigler; Maureen Dennis; Cynthia A Gerhardt; Kenneth H Rubin; Terry Stancin; H Gerry Taylor; Kathryn Vannatta Journal: Psychol Bull Date: 2007-05 Impact factor: 17.737