Anna Joyce1, Heather Elphick2, Michael Farquhar3, Paul Gringras3, Hazel Evans4, Romola S Bucks5, Jana Kreppner6, Ruth Kingshott2, Jane Martin7, Janine Reynolds2, Carla Rush3, Johanna Gavlak4, Catherine M Hill4,8. 1. Centre for Innovative Research Across the Lifecourse, Coventry University , Coventry, UK. 2. Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK. 3. Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK. 4. Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK. 5. School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia. 6. School of Psychology, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK. 7. Southampton Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton, UK. 8. School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/ BACKGROUND: Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children. A recent study reported an association between OSA and cognitive deficits in 38 school-aged children with DS. We experimentally investigated EF behaviours in young children with DS, and their association with OSA. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Children with DS were recruited to take part in a larger study of OSA (N = 202). Parents of 80 children (50 male) aged 36 to 71 months (M = 56.90, SD = 10.19 months) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Of these 80 children, 69 were also successfully studied overnight with domiciliary cardiorespiratory polygraphy to diagnose OSA. RESULTS: Obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index was in the normal range (0-1.49/h) for 28 children but indicated OSA (≥1.5/h) in 41 children. Consistent with previous research, we found a large effect for children experiencing particular weaknesses in working memory, planning and organising, whilst emotional control was a relative strength. OSA was associated with poorer working memory (β = .23, R2 = .05, p = .025), emotional control (β = .20, R2 = .04, p = .047) and shifting (β = .24, R2 = .06, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that known EF difficulties in DS are already evident at this young age. Children with DS already have limited cognitive reserve and can ill afford additional EF deficit associated with OSA. OSA is amenable to treatment and should be actively treated in these children to promote optimal cognitive development.
OBJECTIVE/ BACKGROUND:Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children. A recent study reported an association between OSA and cognitive deficits in 38 school-aged children with DS. We experimentally investigated EF behaviours in young children with DS, and their association with OSA. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Children with DS were recruited to take part in a larger study of OSA (N = 202). Parents of 80 children (50 male) aged 36 to 71 months (M = 56.90, SD = 10.19 months) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Of these 80 children, 69 were also successfully studied overnight with domiciliary cardiorespiratory polygraphy to diagnose OSA. RESULTS: Obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index was in the normal range (0-1.49/h) for 28 children but indicated OSA (≥1.5/h) in 41 children. Consistent with previous research, we found a large effect for children experiencing particular weaknesses in working memory, planning and organising, whilst emotional control was a relative strength. OSA was associated with poorer working memory (β = .23, R2 = .05, p = .025), emotional control (β = .20, R2 = .04, p = .047) and shifting (β = .24, R2 = .06, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that known EF difficulties in DS are already evident at this young age. Children with DS already have limited cognitive reserve and can ill afford additional EF deficit associated with OSA. OSA is amenable to treatment and should be actively treated in these children to promote optimal cognitive development.
Authors: Sarah Grantham-Hill; Hazel J Evans; Catherine Tuffrey; Emma Sanders; Heather E Elphick; Paul Gringras; Ruth N Kingshott; Jane Martin; Janine Reynolds; Anna Joyce; Catherine M Hill; Karen Spruyt Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-04-28 Impact factor: 4.157
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Authors: James A Hendrix; Angelika Amon; Leonard Abbeduto; Stamatis Agiovlasitis; Tarek Alsaied; Heather A Anderson; Lisa J Bain; Nicole Baumer; Anita Bhattacharyya; Dusan Bogunovic; Kelly N Botteron; George Capone; Priya Chandan; Isabelle Chase; Brian Chicoine; Cécile Cieuta-Walti; Lara R DeRuisseau; Sophie Durand; Anna Esbensen; Juan Fortea; Sandra Giménez; Ann-Charlotte Granholm; Laura J Hahn; Elizabeth Head; Hampus Hillerstrom; Lisa M Jacola; Matthew P Janicki; Joan M Jasien; Angela R Kamer; Raymond D Kent; Bernard Khor; Jeanne B Lawrence; Catherine Lemonnier; Amy Feldman Lewanda; William Mobley; Paul E Moore; Linda Pollak Nelson; Nicolas M Oreskovic; Ricardo S Osorio; David Patterson; Sonja A Rasmussen; Roger H Reeves; Nancy Roizen; Stephanie Santoro; Stephanie L Sherman; Nasreen Talib; Ignacio E Tapia; Kyle M Walsh; Steven F Warren; A Nicole White; Guang William Wong; John S Yi Journal: Transl Sci Rare Dis Date: 2021-04-15