Toward Early Diagnosis of Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates: Dual Magnetoimmunosensor for Simultaneous Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Determination in Diagnosed Clinical Samples.

Early diagnosis of sepsis, combining blood cultures and inflammation biomarkers, continues to be a challenge, especially in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants because of limited availability of blood samples. Traditional diagnostic procedures are cumbersome, not fast enough, and require relatively large volumes of sample. Empiric use of antibiotics, before diagnostic confirmation, is required to decrease mortality, leading to potential antibiotic resistance and side effects in VLBW infants. To solve such a serious problem, a dual magnetoimmunosensor is proposed for simultaneous assessment of two of the most important sepsis biomarkers: procalcitonin (PCT for early phase) and C-reactive protein (CRP for late phase). This "sample-to-result" approach exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and stability using low sample volumes (<30 μL) and under 20 min of total assay. The analytical usefulness of the approach was demonstrated by analyzing clinically relevant samples of preterm neonates with suspicion of sepsis.