Bovine coccidiosis cases of beef and dairy cattle in Indonesia.

The number of bovine coccidiosis cases is generally high and distributed worldwide. It can reach up to 100% in the early weeks of age in calves and has a corresponding impact on further cattle development and the economic outcome. For these reasons, this study was conducted to detect the presence of Eimeria spp. oocysts followed by morphologically species characterization in different breeds of beef and dairy cattle. These breeds were reared by rural farmers in 9 provinces in Indonesia from March to October 2017. A total of 2150 fecal samples were collected, along with farmer knowledge about coccidiosis through interviews. Results show that prevalence varied as indicated by the following regions: Riau (68.73%), South Sumatera (78.34%), Banten (63.73%), Special Region of Yogyakarta (54.69%), East Java (63.89%), Bali (83.34%), West Nusa Tenggara (78.43%), Central Kalimantan (72.46%), and South Sulawesi (85.07%). The overall prevalence of bovine coccidiosis in all provinces sampled was 72.07%. Eight species of Eimeria spp. were identified, namely, E. auburnensis (52.11%), E. bovis (81.89%), E. bukidnonensis (18.44%), E. canadensis (38.22%), E. cylindrica (31.67%), E. zuernii (60%), E. ellipsoidalis (10.11%), and E. alabamensis (11.67%). The highest prevalence was found in E. bovis compared with any other Eimerias (P ≤ .0001) followed by E. zuernii. Most of the interviewed farmers in this study did not know about coccidia, especially Eimeria spp. in cattle. They were more familiar with worm infections because of both their experience and knowledge. The distribution of cattle with ages <6 months, 6-18 months, and >18 months exhibited 97%, 81%, and 38% infection, respectively. Based on these results, the authors saw the necessity to inform farmers about bovine coccidiosis as well as the veterinarian regarding better preventive and curative treatments.