Sohrab Amiri1, Sepideh Behnezhad2. 1. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rsr.amiri.s@bmsu.ac.ir. 2. Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is one of the main causes of health problems in the world and can also lead to an increased risk of frailty. Our goal is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between smoking and frailty. METHODS: Researchers searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Research Gate by using keywords through December 2018. Eligible articles were merged and a meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects method. Finally an analysis was done based on smoking status, and publication bias was assessed as well. RESULTS: The population analyzed comprised 61,905 people. The risk ratio (RR) of frailty based on smoking was 1.22 with a confidence interval (CI) of 1.12-1.33 (p < 0.001). In current smokers, the RR was 1.63 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in former smokers. The results indicated a publication bias in the studies included into the meta-analysis. DISCUSSION: Smoking increases the risk of disability; therefore, the provision of cigarette smoking cessation treatment can reduce this risk. As the results also showed, former smokers are less likely to be frail.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is one of the main causes of health problems in the world and can also lead to an increased risk of frailty. Our goal is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between smoking and frailty. METHODS: Researchers searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Research Gate by using keywords through December 2018. Eligible articles were merged and a meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects method. Finally an analysis was done based on smoking status, and publication bias was assessed as well. RESULTS: The population analyzed comprised 61,905 people. The risk ratio (RR) of frailty based on smoking was 1.22 with a confidence interval (CI) of 1.12-1.33 (p < 0.001). In current smokers, the RR was 1.63 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in former smokers. The results indicated a publication bias in the studies included into the meta-analysis. DISCUSSION: Smoking increases the risk of disability; therefore, the provision of cigarette smoking cessation treatment can reduce this risk. As the results also showed, former smokers are less likely to be frail.
Authors: Mercedes Sotos-Prieto; Ellen A Struijk; Teresa T Fung; Eric B Rimm; Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo; Walter C Willett; Frank B Hu; Esther Lopez-Garcia Journal: Age Ageing Date: 2022-02-02 Impact factor: 10.668