Farah Sayegh1, David C Ludwig2, Mona Ascha3, Krishna Vyas4, Afaaf Shakir5, Jeffrey W Kwong6, Marco Swanson3, Morgan W Evans7, James Gatherwright8, Shane D Morrison7. 1. Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA. 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA. 3. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH. 4. Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. 5. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL. 6. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 7. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. 8. Division of Plastic Surgery, Metrohealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interest in facial masculinization surgery is expected to increase as gender-affirming surgery becomes more widely accepted and available. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current literature describing operative techniques in facial masculinization surgery and provide an algorithmic approach to treating this patient population. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases were queried for literature on operative techniques and outcomes of facial masculinization surgery in transgender and cisgender patients, published through July 2018. Data on patient demographics, follow-up, operative techniques, complications, and outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 24 identified studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies discussed the outcomes of 7 subjects (6 trans-male and 1 cis-male) who underwent facial masculinization procedures. No objective outcomes were reported in either study; however, subjects were generally satisfied and there were no complications. The remaining studies reviewed operative techniques utilized in the cisgender population. CONCLUSION: A summary of considerations for each facial anatomic subunit and respective operative techniques for facial masculinization is presented. Current facial masculinization procedures in cisgender patients may be considered in the transgender patient population with favorable outcomes. However, further research is needed on techniques and objective outcome measures of facial masculinization procedures in the transgender population.
BACKGROUND: Interest in facial masculinization surgery is expected to increase as gender-affirming surgery becomes more widely accepted and available. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current literature describing operative techniques in facial masculinization surgery and provide an algorithmic approach to treating this patient population. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases were queried for literature on operative techniques and outcomes of facial masculinization surgery in transgender and cisgender patients, published through July 2018. Data on patient demographics, follow-up, operative techniques, complications, and outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 24 identified studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies discussed the outcomes of 7 subjects (6 trans-male and 1 cis-male) who underwent facial masculinization procedures. No objective outcomes were reported in either study; however, subjects were generally satisfied and there were no complications. The remaining studies reviewed operative techniques utilized in the cisgender population. CONCLUSION: A summary of considerations for each facial anatomic subunit and respective operative techniques for facial masculinization is presented. Current facial masculinization procedures in cisgender patients may be considered in the transgender patient population with favorable outcomes. However, further research is needed on techniques and objective outcome measures of facial masculinization procedures in the transgender population.
Authors: Michael Sosin; Isabel S Robinson; Gustave K Diep; Allyson R Alfonso; Samantha G Maliha; Daniel J Ceradini; Jamie P Levine; David A Staffenberg; Pierre B Saadeh; Eduardo D Rodriguez Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Date: 2020-09-24