Yewon Kim1, Hae Jung Paik1, Mee Kum Kim2, Yoon-Hyeong Choi3,4, Dong Hyun Kim1,4. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea. 4. Gachon Particulate Matter Associated Disease Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the clinical features of patients with dry eye disease (DED) according to short-term outdoor ground-level ozone exposure. METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients with DED who were treated with the same topical drugs (0.05% cyclosporine or 3% diquafosol) and visited the hospital twice at 2-month intervals. Patients who showed a short tear film breakup time and positive ocular surface staining were assigned to the diquafosol and cyclosporine groups, respectively. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear secretion, tear film breakup time, and corneal fluorescein staining score were measured at each visit. The mean ground-level ozone concentration for 1 week before the ocular examinations was used as the ozone exposure level. Changes in dry eye parameters according to changes in ozone concentration were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 55.2 ± 10.5 years. Ozone concentrations were significantly associated with increased OSDI scores (R = 0.304, P = 0.0006) and a decreased tear secretion (R = -0.355, P = 0.0012) in univariate models. In multivariate models, the results were consistent; the OSDI score increased by 3.43 points (β = 3.43, P = 0.002), and tear secretion decreased by 1.43 mm (β = -1.43, P = 0.015) per 0.01 ppm increase in ozone concentrations over a 2-month interval. Notably, the cyclosporine group showed more prominent changes in the OSDI score and tear secretion with changes in the ozone concentration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exposure to increased ground-level ozone concentration led to increased ocular discomfort and decreased tear secretion in patients with DED.
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the clinical features of patients with dry eye disease (DED) according to short-term outdoor ground-level ozone exposure. METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients with DED who were treated with the same topical drugs (0.05% cyclosporine or 3% diquafosol) and visited the hospital twice at 2-month intervals. Patients who showed a short tear film breakup time and positive ocular surface staining were assigned to the diquafosol and cyclosporine groups, respectively. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear secretion, tear film breakup time, and corneal fluorescein staining score were measured at each visit. The mean ground-level ozone concentration for 1 week before the ocular examinations was used as the ozone exposure level. Changes in dry eye parameters according to changes in ozone concentration were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 55.2 ± 10.5 years. Ozone concentrations were significantly associated with increased OSDI scores (R = 0.304, P = 0.0006) and a decreased tear secretion (R = -0.355, P = 0.0012) in univariate models. In multivariate models, the results were consistent; the OSDI score increased by 3.43 points (β = 3.43, P = 0.002), and tear secretion decreased by 1.43 mm (β = -1.43, P = 0.015) per 0.01 ppm increase in ozone concentrations over a 2-month interval. Notably, the cyclosporine group showed more prominent changes in the OSDI score and tear secretion with changes in the ozone concentration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exposure to increased ground-level ozone concentration led to increased ocular discomfort and decreased tear secretion in patients with DED.
Authors: Maria A Idarraga; Juan S Guerrero; Samantha G Mosle; Frank Miralles; Anat Galor; Naresh Kumar Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-05-02 Impact factor: 4.241