OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical features of dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA). ANIMALS: 66 dogs with PIMA. PROCEDURES: Electronic record databases of a teaching hospital were searched to identify dogs with a diagnosis of nonregenerative anemia between 2004 and 2013. Inclusion criteria included persistent nonregenerative anemia (Hct ≤ 30% and reticulocyte count < 76,000 reticulocytes/μL), cytologic findings supportive of ineffective bone marrow erythropoiesis, and absence of underlying disease. Information regarding clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome was extracted from records of eligible dogs. A regenerative response was defined as a reticulocyte count > 76,000 reticulocytes/μL or sustained increase in Hct of > 5%. Remission was defined as a stable Hct ≥ 35%. RESULTS: The median Hct was 13%, and reticulocyte count was 17,900 reticulocytes/μL. Rubriphagocytosis was identified in bone marrow aspirate samples from 61 of 66 dogs. Collagen myelofibrosis was detected in bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained from 31 of 63 dogs. Immune-mediated targeting of mature erythrocytes was uncommon. All dogs received immunosuppressive therapy. Fifty-five dogs developed a regenerative response at a median of 29 days, and 40 of those dogs went into remission at a median of 59 days after PIMA diagnosis. Thromboembolic events were confirmed for 9 dogs and were associated with a decreased survival time. Median survival time was 913 days for all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that most dogs with PIMA responded to prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Studies to determine optimal immunosuppressive and thromboprophylactic protocols for dogs with PIMA are warranted.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical features of dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA). ANIMALS: 66 dogs with PIMA. PROCEDURES: Electronic record databases of a teaching hospital were searched to identify dogs with a diagnosis of nonregenerative anemia between 2004 and 2013. Inclusion criteria included persistent nonregenerative anemia (Hct ≤ 30% and reticulocyte count < 76,000 reticulocytes/μL), cytologic findings supportive of ineffective bone marrow erythropoiesis, and absence of underlying disease. Information regarding clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome was extracted from records of eligible dogs. A regenerative response was defined as a reticulocyte count > 76,000 reticulocytes/μL or sustained increase in Hct of > 5%. Remission was defined as a stable Hct ≥ 35%. RESULTS: The median Hct was 13%, and reticulocyte count was 17,900 reticulocytes/μL. Rubriphagocytosis was identified in bone marrow aspirate samples from 61 of 66 dogs. Collagen myelofibrosis was detected in bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained from 31 of 63 dogs. Immune-mediated targeting of mature erythrocytes was uncommon. All dogs received immunosuppressive therapy. Fifty-five dogs developed a regenerative response at a median of 29 days, and 40 of those dogs went into remission at a median of 59 days after PIMA diagnosis. Thromboembolic events were confirmed for 9 dogs and were associated with a decreased survival time. Median survival time was 913 days for all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that most dogs with PIMA responded to prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Studies to determine optimal immunosuppressive and thromboprophylactic protocols for dogs with PIMA are warranted.
Authors: Amelia G Campbell; Davis M Seelig; Joan D Beckman; Katie M Minor; Daniel A Heinrich; Steven G Friedenberg; Jaime F Modiano; Eva Furrow Journal: J Vet Intern Med Date: 2022-07-11 Impact factor: 3.175
Authors: Vanessa L Woolhead; Balazs Szladovits; Antonia Chan; James W Swann; Barbara Glanemann Journal: J Vet Intern Med Date: 2020-12-08 Impact factor: 3.333