Carsten Carlberg 1 Show Affiliations »
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today's lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). METHODS: This review discusses the biological effects of micronutrient vitamin D ranging from calcium homeostasis and bone formation to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity. RESULTS: Since normal human diet is sufficient in vitamin D, the need for efficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin acts as an evolutionary driver for its lightening during the migration out of Africa towards North. Via activating the VDR, vitamin D has direct effects on the epigenome and the expression of more than 1000 genes in most human tissues and cell types. CONCLUSIONS: The pleiotropic action of vitamin D in health and disease prevention is explained through complex gene regulatory events of the transcription factor VDR. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
BACKGROUND: At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today's lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR ). METHODS: This review discusses the biological effects of micronutrient vitamin D ranging from calcium homeostasis and bone formation to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity. RESULTS: Since normal human diet is sufficient in vitamin D , the need for efficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin acts as an evolutionary driver for its lightening during the migration out of Africa towards North. Via activating the VDR , vitamin D has direct effects on the epigenome and the expression of more than 1000 genes in most human tissues and cell types. CONCLUSIONS: The pleiotropic action of vitamin D in health and disease prevention is explained through complex gene regulatory events of the transcription factor VDR . Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
Entities: Chemical
Gene
Species
Keywords:
VDR; Vitamin D; epigenome; evolution; gene regulation; transcriptome; vitamin D response index; vitamin D supplementation.
Year: 2019
PMID： 31298160 DOI： 10.2174/1381612825666190705193227
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Curr Pharm Des ISSN： 1381-6128 Impact factor: 3.116