Maryam Faraji1, Zahra Pourpak2, Kazem Naddafi1,3, Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi1,3, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam4, Mansour Shamsipour3,5, Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas6, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand1,3, Zahra Alizadeh2, Soheila Rezaei7, Marzieh Mazinani2, Narjes Soleimanifar4, Alireza Mesdaghinia1,3. 1. 1School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enqelab Square, Tehran, Iran. 2. 2Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. 3Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. 4Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. 5Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. 6Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-591 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada. 7. 7Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate chemical composition of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) during dust storm and inversion in Tehran and hemolysis effects. METHODS: PM10 was sampled in Tehran, Iran, during dust storm and inversion conditions. Water soluble ions (F¯, Cl¯, NO2¯, NO3¯, SO4¯2, Na+, K+, NH4 +, Ca+2, Mg+2) and elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Pt, Rh, Pd, As and Si) were analyzed by ion chromatograph (IC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), respectively. Hemolysis was examined as in vitro at PM10 concentrations of 50-300 μg/ml. RESULTS: Daily average of PM10 concentrations in dusty and inversion days were 348.40 and 220.54 μg/m3, respectively. Most prevalence ionic components were NO3¯, Cl¯, SO4¯2 and Ca+2 during dust storm and SO4¯2, NO3¯, Cl¯ and NH4 + during inversion. Si, Fe and Al had the maximum values in both conditions. Particles associated with both conditions induced hemolytic responses. PM10 from dusty day showed a higher hemolysis percent (10.24 ± 4.67%) than inversion (9.08 ± 5.47%), but this difference was not significant (p = 0.32). Hemolytic effects were significantly intensified by increased PM concentrations (p < 0.001) in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSIONS: As the results, chemical composition of sampled particles from inversion days and dust storm was different from each other. Hemolytic effects of particles during dust storm were more than inversion days. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate chemical composition of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) during dust storm and inversion in Tehran and hemolysis effects. METHODS: PM10 was sampled in Tehran, Iran, during dust storm and inversion conditions. Water soluble ions (F¯, Cl¯, NO2¯, NO3¯, SO4¯2, Na+, K+, NH4 +, Ca+2, Mg+2) and elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Pt, Rh, Pd, As and Si) were analyzed by ion chromatograph (IC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), respectively. Hemolysis was examined as in vitro at PM10 concentrations of 50-300 μg/ml. RESULTS: Daily average of PM10 concentrations in dusty and inversion days were 348.40 and 220.54 μg/m3, respectively. Most prevalence ionic components were NO3¯, Cl¯, SO4¯2 and Ca+2 during dust storm and SO4¯2, NO3¯, Cl¯ and NH4 + during inversion. Si, Fe and Al had the maximum values in both conditions. Particles associated with both conditions induced hemolytic responses. PM10 from dusty day showed a higher hemolysis percent (10.24 ± 4.67%) than inversion (9.08 ± 5.47%), but this difference was not significant (p = 0.32). Hemolytic effects were significantly intensified by increased PM concentrations (p < 0.001) in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSIONS: As the results, chemical composition of sampled particles from inversion days and dust storm was different from each other. Hemolytic effects of particles during dust storm were more than inversion days. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
Entities:
Keywords:
Air pollution; Elemental component; Hemoglobin; Middle eastern dust (MED); Toxicological studies; Water soluble ions
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