Remo Panaccione1, A Hillary Steinhart2, Brian Bressler3, Reena Khanna4, John K Marshall5, Laura Targownik6, Waqqas Afif7, Alain Bitton7, Mark Borgaonkar8, Usha Chauhan9, Brendan Halloran10, Jennifer Jones11, Erin Kennedy12, Grigorios I Leontiadis5, Edward V Loftus13, Jonathan Meddings1, Paul Moayyedi5, Sanjay Murthy14, Sophie Plamondon15, Greg Rosenfeld16, David Schwartz17, Cynthia H Seow18, Chadwick Williams19, Charles N Bernstein6. 1. Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 2. Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. 5. Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 6. Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 7. Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 8. Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada. 9. Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 10. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 11. Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 12. Division of General Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 13. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 14. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 15. Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 16. Division of Gastroenterology, Pacific Gastroenterology Associates, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 17. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. 18. Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 19. Hilyard Place, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong illness with substantial morbidity, although new therapies and treatment paradigms have been developed. We provide guidance for treatment of ambulatory patients with mild to severe active luminal CD. METHODS: We performed a systematic review to identify published studies of the management of CD. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Statements were developed through an iterative online platform and then finalized and voted on by a group of specialists. RESULTS: The consensus includes 41 statements focused on 6 main drug classes: antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylate, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies, and other therapies. The group suggested against the use of antibiotics or 5-aminosalicylate as induction or maintenance therapies. Corticosteroid therapies (including budesonide) can be used as induction, but not maintenance therapies. Among immunosuppressants, thiopurines should not be used for induction, but can be used for maintenance therapy for selected low-risk patients. Parenteral methotrexate was proposed for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent CD. Biologic agents, including tumor necrosis factor antagonists, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab, were recommended for patients failed by conventional induction therapies and as maintenance therapy. The consensus group was unable to clearly define the role of concomitant immunosuppressant therapies in initiation of treatment with a biologic agent. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal management of CD requires careful patient assessment, acknowledgement of patient preferences, evidence-based use of existing therapies, and thorough assessment to define treatment success.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong illness with substantial morbidity, although new therapies and treatment paradigms have been developed. We provide guidance for treatment of ambulatory patients with mild to severe active luminal CD. METHODS: We performed a systematic review to identify published studies of the management of CD. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Statements were developed through an iterative online platform and then finalized and voted on by a group of specialists. RESULTS: The consensus includes 41 statements focused on 6 main drug classes: antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylate, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies, and other therapies. The group suggested against the use of antibiotics or 5-aminosalicylate as induction or maintenance therapies. Corticosteroid therapies (including budesonide) can be used as induction, but not maintenance therapies. Among immunosuppressants, thiopurines should not be used for induction, but can be used for maintenance therapy for selected low-risk patients. Parenteral methotrexate was proposed for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent CD. Biologic agents, including tumor necrosis factor antagonists, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab, were recommended for patients failed by conventional induction therapies and as maintenance therapy. The consensus group was unable to clearly define the role of concomitant immunosuppressant therapies in initiation of treatment with a biologic agent. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal management of CD requires careful patient assessment, acknowledgement of patient preferences, evidence-based use of existing therapies, and thorough assessment to define treatment success.
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