Molecular mechanisms of natural compounds in cell death induction and sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially lung cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs are commonly used for lung cancer treatment; nonetheless, undesirable side effects and drug resistance remain major challenges for therapeutic success. Therefore, harmless and effective treatments against lung cancer are urgently required. The use of natural phytochemical products, in single or combinatorial therapy, is an emerging strategy for prevention and cure of cancer because of the various remarkable anticancer properties of these compounds. Cell death, which primarily occurs via apoptosis and nonapoptotic mechanisms (necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence), is one of the antineoplastic effects of natural compounds. In this review, we highlight representative plant-derived compounds with cancer chemopreventive and sensitizing effects in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs with various cell death-inducing mechanisms. Relevant molecular mechanisms implicated in the pharmacological effects of these natural compounds are discussed. Overall, this review provides a reference and new perspective for application of phytochemical agents as potential anti-lung cancer drugs for further cancer drug research and development.