Gian M Galura1, Luis O Chavez1, Alejandro Robles1, Richard McCallum2. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA. 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA. Richard.Mccallum@ttuhsc.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gastroduodenal mucosal layer is a complex and dynamic system that functions in an interdependent manner to resist injury. We review and summarize the most updated knowledge about gastroduodenal defense mechanisms and specifically address (a) the mucous barrier, (b) membrane and cellular properties, and vascular, hormonal, and (c) gaseous mediators. RECENT FINDINGS: Trefoil factor family peptides play a crucial role in cellular restitution by increasing cellular permeability and expression of aquaporin channels, aiding cellular migration and tissue repair. Additionally, evidence suggests that the symptoms of functional dyspepsia may be attributed to alterations in the duodenum, including low-grade inflammation and increased mucosal permeability. The interaction of the various mucosal protective components helps maintain structural and functional homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the upper GI microbiota plays a crucial role in the defense mechanisms. However, this warrants further investigation.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gastroduodenal mucosal layer is a complex and dynamic system that functions in an interdependent manner to resist injury. We review and summarize the most updated knowledge about gastroduodenal defense mechanisms and specifically address (a) the mucous barrier, (b) membrane and cellular properties, and vascular, hormonal, and (c) gaseous mediators. RECENT FINDINGS: Trefoil factor family peptides play a crucial role in cellular restitution by increasing cellular permeability and expression of aquaporin channels, aiding cellular migration and tissue repair. Additionally, evidence suggests that the symptoms of functional dyspepsia may be attributed to alterations in the duodenum, including low-grade inflammation and increased mucosal permeability. The interaction of the various mucosal protective components helps maintain structural and functional homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the upper GI microbiota plays a crucial role in the defense mechanisms. However, this warrants further investigation.
Authors: Babatunde Adewale; Jonathan R Heintz; Christopher F Pastore; Heather L Rossi; Li-Yin Hung; Nurudeen Rahman; Jeff Bethony; David Diemert; James Ayorinde Babatunde; De'Broski R Herbert Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2021-10-18