Current Management of Disseminated Germ Cell Tumors.

The modern treatment of disseminated germ cell tumors (GCT) relies largely on cisplatin-based regimens, particularly combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. This article reviews the evidence supporting its use as well as common alterations based on prognostic grouping or contraindications to bleomycin. Special topics around the management of intermediate/poor prognosis choriocarcinoma and brain metastases are included. The management of residual masses for both seminoma and nonseminoma is discussed as well as long-term follow-up care of patients. Finally, the management of relapsed disseminated GCT is addressed.