Adenosine A2A receptor as potential therapeutic target in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that regulates several important functions in the central nervous system. Large amount of preclinical data suggests that the A2AR could represent a target for the development of new therapeutic strategies for different neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review we will recapitulate and discuss the most relevant studies on the role of A2ARs in neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases, which led to suggest a therapeutic use of A2AR agonists in certain diseases (Niemann-Pick disease, autism-spectrum disorders, schizophrenia) and A2AR antagonists in others (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, fragile X syndrome, depression, anxiety). Moreover, we will try to analyze which are the main obstacles to the conduction of clinical trials with A2AR ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease.