Dirk Ziebolz1, Felix Söder2, Jan Felix Hartl3, Tanja Kottmann4, Sven Rinke5,6, Gerhard Schmalz7. 1. Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany. dirk.ziebolz@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. 2. Zahnärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Söder, Reinfeld, Germany. 3. Zahnarztpraxis Streib & Kollegen, Obersulm-Affaltrach, Germany. 4. Dental Practice Hanau & Alzenau, Hanau, Germany. 5. Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany. 6. Clinical Research Organisation, Hamm, Germany. 7. Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was the comprehensive examination of oral health, oral behaviour and oral health-related quality of life of patients with tongue piercing. Furthermore, different piercing related factors and the presence of habits should be considered regarding their potential association to piercing-related complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants with tongue piercing (n = 50) and a matched control (n = 50) were included. Dental examination included decayed-, missing- and filled-teeth-index (DMF-T) and the presence of non-carious tooth defects. Periodontal examination contained of periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and recession. Piercing-related factors, oral behaviour as well as oral health-related quality of life [German short form of oral health impact profile (OHIP G14)] were assessed based on questionnaires. STATISTICS: Man-Whitney U test, chi-square and Fisher's exact test (significance level p < 0.05). RESULTS: Participants with tongue piercing suffered from worse DMF-T, PPD, BOP and recession (pi < 0.01). Higher prevalence of enamel cracks and trough-shaped abrasions were found in piercing-group (pi < 0.01). Additionally, participants with tongue piercing showed worse oral behaviour, insufficient cleaning of piercing and in majority of cases (80%) calculus formation at piercing surface as well as comparable OHIP-G14 to control (p = 0.39). While piercing design was associated to both, recession and non-carious tooth defects (pi < 0.05), only infractures of enamel were associated to the presence habits (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with tongue piercing show insufficient dental and periodontal health as well as reduced oral behaviour. Thereby, piercing design and wearing period is associated to recessions and non-carious tooth defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased attention of patients wearing tongue piercing in dental practice is necessary.
OBJECTIVES: Aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was the comprehensive examination of oral health, oral behaviour and oral health-related quality of life of patients with tongue piercing. Furthermore, different piercing related factors and the presence of habits should be considered regarding their potential association to piercing-related complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Participants with tongue piercing (n = 50) and a matched control (n = 50) were included. Dental examination included decayed-, missing- and filled-teeth-index (DMF-T) and the presence of non-carious tooth defects. Periodontal examination contained of periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and recession. Piercing-related factors, oral behaviour as well as oral health-related quality of life [German short form of oral health impact profile (OHIP G14)] were assessed based on questionnaires. STATISTICS: Man-Whitney U test, chi-square and Fisher's exact test (significance level p < 0.05). RESULTS:Participants with tongue piercing suffered from worse DMF-T, PPD, BOP and recession (pi < 0.01). Higher prevalence of enamel cracks and trough-shaped abrasions were found in piercing-group (pi < 0.01). Additionally, participants with tongue piercing showed worse oral behaviour, insufficient cleaning of piercing and in majority of cases (80%) calculus formation at piercing surface as well as comparable OHIP-G14 to control (p = 0.39). While piercing design was associated to both, recession and non-carious tooth defects (pi < 0.05), only infractures of enamel were associated to the presence habits (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS:Patients with tongue piercing show insufficient dental and periodontal health as well as reduced oral behaviour. Thereby, piercing design and wearing period is associated to recessions and non-carious tooth defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased attention of patients wearing tongue piercing in dental practice is necessary.
Authors: Francesco Covello; Camilla Salerno; Valentina Giovannini; Denise Corridore; Livia Ottolenghi; Iole Vozza Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-01-18 Impact factor: 3.390