Yuqian Zhao1, Yingnan Jiang2, Yanmei Chen3, Fengxiang Zhang4, Xue Zhang5, Lingjuan Zhu6, Xinsheng Yao7. 1. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China. Electronic address: 031equas@sina.com. 2. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. Electronic address: 1074736705@qq.com. 3. College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003, China. Electronic address: Chenym20150726@163.com. 4. Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. Electronic address: 337245012@qq.com. 5. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China. Electronic address: syzxalice@163.com. 6. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zhulingjuanadele@163.com. 7. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. Electronic address: tyaoxs@jnu.edu.cn.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation. SMYAD first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty according to the "Shen Yi Mi Zhuan". Then the formula was recorded in the "Yan Fang Xin Bian" edited by medical scientist Bao Xiangao in the Qing Dynasty. This well-known prescription has been traditionally used for gangrene and vascular vasculitis. It is mainly used for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in current clinical applications and research. AIM OF STUDY: In this study, the potential mechanisms of SMYAD against cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline induced heart failure model were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The heart failure animal model was established via injected isoprenaline in rats. Echocardiography was used to detect the structure and function of the heart. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining was performed to assess myocardial tissue morphology. The serum biochemical indexes were detected by dedicated biochemical kit. BNP was tested by ELISA kit. The levels of mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. Cardiomyocyte morphology was assessed by immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated and total p38, Akt were analyzed by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by CM-H2DCFDA probe. Formula identification of chemical constituents of SMYAD in plasma was disclosed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). RESULTS: SMYAD was able to improve the heart function in ISO induced heart failure rat model via protecting rat from developing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. SMYAD also decreased plasma expression of these biochemical indexes. It was found that SMYAD could regulate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis makers' mRNA levels in vitro and vivo. In addition, SMYAD inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, which are key mediators in the pathological process of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. It also showed that the components of SMYAD in rat plasma exerted myocardial cell protective activity. CONCLUSION: In summary, SMYAD may comprise more than one active ingredient to the pursuit of combination therapies instead of specifically target a single disease-causing molecule. These experimental results suggest that SMYAD may be a potential drug candidate in diseases of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis caused by β-adrenoceptor abnormalities.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation. SMYAD first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty according to the "Shen Yi Mi Zhuan". Then the formula was recorded in the "Yan Fang Xin Bian" edited by medical scientist Bao Xiangao in the Qing Dynasty. This well-known prescription has been traditionally used for gangrene and vascular vasculitis. It is mainly used for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in current clinical applications and research. AIM OF STUDY: In this study, the potential mechanisms of SMYAD against cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline induced heart failure model were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The heart failure animal model was established via injected isoprenaline in rats. Echocardiography was used to detect the structure and function of the heart. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining was performed to assess myocardial tissue morphology. The serum biochemical indexes were detected by dedicated biochemical kit. BNP was tested by ELISA kit. The levels of mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. Cardiomyocyte morphology was assessed by immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated and total p38, Akt were analyzed by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by CM-H2DCFDA probe. Formula identification of chemical constituents of SMYAD in plasma was disclosed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). RESULTS:SMYAD was able to improve the heart function in ISO induced heart failurerat model via protecting rat from developing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. SMYAD also decreased plasma expression of these biochemical indexes. It was found that SMYAD could regulate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis makers' mRNA levels in vitro and vivo. In addition, SMYAD inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, which are key mediators in the pathological process of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. It also showed that the components of SMYAD in rat plasma exerted myocardial cell protective activity. CONCLUSION: In summary, SMYAD may comprise more than one active ingredient to the pursuit of combination therapies instead of specifically target a single disease-causing molecule. These experimental results suggest that SMYAD may be a potential drug candidate in diseases of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis caused by β-adrenoceptor abnormalities.