Åse H Morsund1,2, Hanne Ellekjaer2,3, Arne Gramstad4,5, Magnus T Reiestad6, Rune Midgard1,7, Sigrid B Sando2,8, Egil Jonsbu9,10, Halvor Naess4,11,12. 1. Department of Neurology, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway. 2. Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 3. Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St Olav's Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway. 4. Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 5. Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway. 7. Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 8. Department of Neurology, St Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway. 9. Department of Psychiatry, Møre og Romsdal Health Trust, Molde, Norway. 10. Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 11. Centre for Age-related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 12. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the development of cognitive and emotional symptoms between 3 and 12 months after a minor stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included patients from stroke units at hospitals in the Central Norway Health Authority and from Haukeland University Hospital. We administered a selection of cognitive tests, and the patients completed a questionnaire 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Cognitive impairment was defined as impairment of ≥2 cognitive tests. RESULTS: A total of 324 patients completed the 3-month testing, whereas 37 patients were lost to follow-up at 12 months. The results showed significant improvement of cognitive function defined as impairment of ≥2 cognitive tests (P = .03) from months 3 to 12. However, most patients still showed cognitive impairment at 12 months with a prevalence of 35.4%. There is significant association between several of the cognitive tests and hypertension and smoking (P = .002 and .05). The prevalence of depression, but not anxiety, increased from 3 to 12 months (P = .04). The prevalence of fatigue did not change and was thus still high with 29.5% after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that an improvement of cognitive function still occurs between 3 and 12 months. Despite this, the prevalence of mostly minor cognitive impairment still remains high 12 months after the stroke. The increasing prevalence of depressive symptoms highlights the importance of being vigilant of depressive symptoms throughout the rehabilitation period. Furthermore, high prevalence of fatigue persisted.
OBJECTIVES: To study the development of cognitive and emotional symptoms between 3 and 12 months after a minor stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included patients from stroke units at hospitals in the Central Norway Health Authority and from Haukeland University Hospital. We administered a selection of cognitive tests, and the patients completed a questionnaire 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Cognitive impairment was defined as impairment of ≥2 cognitive tests. RESULTS: A total of 324 patients completed the 3-month testing, whereas 37 patients were lost to follow-up at 12 months. The results showed significant improvement of cognitive function defined as impairment of ≥2 cognitive tests (P = .03) from months 3 to 12. However, most patients still showed cognitive impairment at 12 months with a prevalence of 35.4%. There is significant association between several of the cognitive tests and hypertension and smoking (P = .002 and .05). The prevalence of depression, but not anxiety, increased from 3 to 12 months (P = .04). The prevalence of fatigue did not change and was thus still high with 29.5% after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that an improvement of cognitive function still occurs between 3 and 12 months. Despite this, the prevalence of mostly minor cognitive impairment still remains high 12 months after the stroke. The increasing prevalence of depressive symptoms highlights the importance of being vigilant of depressive symptoms throughout the rehabilitation period. Furthermore, high prevalence of fatigue persisted.
Authors: Daan P J Verberne; Rudolf W H M Ponds; Mariëlle E A L Kroese; Melloney L M Wijenberg; Dennis G Barten; Raphaël Pasmans; Julie Staals; Caroline M van Heugten Journal: J Neurol Date: 2021-01-13 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Kristine M Ulrichsen; Knut K Kolskår; Geneviève Richard; Mads Lund Pedersen; Dag Alnaes; Erlend S Dørum; Anne-Marthe Sanders; Sveinung Tornås; Luigi A Maglanoc; Andreas Engvig; Hege Ihle-Hansen; Jan E Nordvik; Lars T Westlye Journal: Brain Behav Date: 2022-06-06 Impact factor: 3.405