Characteristics of cystine uptake by cultured LLC-PK1 cells.

The characteristics of the uptake of L-cystine by LLC-PK1 cells were examined. The uptake diminished with time in culture after passage of cells while the uptake of sugar increased. In 48-h-cultured cells at a range of cystine concentrations including physiological levels uptake occurred via a saturable process which was independent of medium sodium concentration and pH. No inhibition of cystine uptake occurred in the presence of lysine which is known to share the cystine transport system in uncultured renal proximal tubule cells and brush-border membrane vesicles. Glutamate was a potent inhibitor of cystine uptake and participated in heteroexchange diffusion with cystine. The cystine-glutamate transport process resembles that of cultured human fibroblasts. The inability of these cells to reflect the genetically determined cystine-lysine system which is altered in the kidney in human cystinuria makes them an inappropriate model of the renal tubule cell cystine transport system. On the other hand, they may provide a model system for examining the factors which determine the presence of the various cystine transport process.