Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha Prolifera Ameliorate Acute Myocardial Infarction in Vitro and in Vivo via Up-Regulating HIF-1α.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious heart disease and the main reason for heart failure and sudden death worldwide. This study investigated the effects of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (PEP) on AMI in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms.Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) were cultured in vitro in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) environment to induce injury. The viability and apoptosis of HCMVEC were then detected using CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Cell transfection was conducted to reduce the expression of HIF-1α. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, MEK/ERK, and the NF-κB and mTOR pathways were evaluated using Western blotting. In vivo, Wistar rats were pre-treated by PEP and AMI was induced. The infarct size and cardiac functions (LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS) were measured.In vitro, PEP treatment significantly protected HCMVEC from OGD-induced viability loss, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine expression, and autophagy. Moreover, PEP enhanced the expression of HIF-1α in HCMVEC via the MEK/ERK pathway. HIF-1α participated in the protective effects of PEP on OGD-treated HCMVEC. Furthermore, PEP attenuated OGD-induced NF-κB pathway activation and promoted the mTOR pathway in HCMVEC. In vivo, PEP pre-treatment reduced the infarct size and enhanced the LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS of rats via up-regulation of HIF-1α.PEP ameliorated AMI in vitro and in vivo through up-regulation of HIF-1α. In vitro, PEP could activate the MEK/ERK and mTOR pathways, but inactivate the NF-κB pathway in OGD-treated HCMVEC.